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Advanced Health Assessment > week 5 module 14 respiratory abnml > Flashcards

week 5 module 14 respiratory abnml Flashcards

1
Q

HPI cough

A 
onset
nature: dry or moist 
sputum production
sputum characteristics
pattern
severity
associated s/s
efforts to treat
postural influence
quality
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2
Q

sputum characteristics of bacterial infection

A 
yellow
green
rust
clear
transparent
purulent
blood streaked
sticky
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3
Q

sputum characteristics of viral infection

A

blood streaked (not- common)

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4
Q

sputum characteristics of chronic infectious disease

A

particularly abundant in the early morning
slight, intermittent blood streaking
occasional large amounts of blood

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5
Q

sputum characteristics cancer

A

slight
persistent
intermittent blood streaking

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6
Q

sputum characteristics infarction

A

blood clotted

large amounts of blood

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7
Q

sputum characteristics TB

A

occasional large amounts of blood

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8
Q

chest pain

A

onset and duration
- trauma, coughing, lower resp infection, recent surgery, hx thrombosis, prolonged immobilization
Associated symptoms
efforts to treat: heat, splinting, meds

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9
Q

chest pain does not originate in heart when

A

constant ache that lasts all day
does not radiate
made worse by pressing on chest wall
fleeting, needle-like jab that last a few seconds
situated in shoulders or between the shoulder blades

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10
Q

asthma patho

A

small airway obstruction due to inflammtation within the airways

  • triggered by allergens anxiety, cold, exercise, URI, cigarette smoke
  • > mucosal edema, inc. secretions, bronchoconstriction with inc. airway resistance
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11
Q

asthma subjective

A

episodes of paroxysmal dyspnea
chest pain and tightness
may last for minutes, hours or days
may be asymptomatic between episodes

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12
Q

asthma objective data

A 
tachypnea and paroxysmal coughing with wheezing on expiration and inspiration
prolonged expiration
labored breathing
fatigue
anxious with inc. airway resistance
hypoxemia
dec. peak expiratory flow rate
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13
Q

atelectasis patho

A

incomplete expansion of the lung at birth or the collapse of the lung
- caused by compression from outside or resorption of gas from the alveoli in the presence of airway obstruction

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14
Q

atelectasis subjective

A

freq. seen in the postoperative setting

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15
Q

atelectasis objective

A

auscultation dampened or muted in the involved area

XR: consolidation assoc. with postobstructive pneumonia

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16
Q

bronchitis patho

A

inflammation of the large airways

-> inc. mucus secretions

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17
Q

bronchitis subjective

A

acute: fever and chest pain possible

chronic bronchitis: cough may be productive

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18
Q

bronchitis objective

A

hacking nonproductive cough
- minimal auscultation findings with no resp distress
wheezing or dampened auscultation when worsened

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19
Q

pleurisy patho

A

inflammatory process involving the visceral and parietal pleura

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20
Q

pleurisy subjective

A

sudden onset with chest pain when taking a breath
rubbing of the pleural surfaces can be felt by pt
pain referred to ipsilateral shoulder

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21
Q

pleurisy objective

A

resp. are rapid and shallow with diminished breath sounds
pleural friction rub auscultated
fever possible

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22
Q

pleural effusion patho

A

excessive nonpurulent fluid in the pleural space

23
Q

pleural effusion subjective

A

cough with progressive dyspnea

pleuritic chest pain w/ inflammatory effusion

24
Q

pleural effusion objective

A

auscultation and percussion vary with the amount of fluid present and position of patient
dullness and decreased tactile fremitus
- hyperresonant in area above.
mobile fluid with gravitate to dependent position
breath sounds muted in affected area

25
Q

empyema patho

A

purulent exudative fluid collected in the pleural space

- non-free flowing

26
Q

empyema subjective

A 
often febrile and tachypneic 
cough and chest pain
pt appears ill 
progressive dyspnea
cough may produce blood or sputum
27
Q

empyema objective

A

breath sounds are distant or absent in affected area
percussion is dull
vocal fremitus is absent

28
Q

lung abscess patho

A

well-defined, circumscribed, inflammatory, and purulent mass that can develop central necrosis
- aspiration of food or infected material

29
Q

lung abscess subjective

A

malaise
fever
SOB

30
Q

lung abscess objective

A

percussion is dull
breath sounds distant or absent over affected area
pleural friction rub may be present
cough my produce purulent, foul-smelling sputum

31
Q

pneumonia patho

A

inflammatory response of the bronchioles and alveoli to an infective agent

32
Q

pneumonia subjective

A 
bacterial infections can be rapid onset of 
- cough, pleuritic chest pain, dyspnea 
mycobacterial, fungal, atypical
- onset of symptoms more insidious 
sputum production
chills, fever, rigors
N/V
33
Q

pneumonia objective

A 
febrile
tachypnea
tachycardia
crackles and rhonchi
diminished breath sounds
egophony, bronchophony, and whispered pectorioguy
dull to percussion
inc. fremitus over area of consolidation
34
Q

influenza patho

A

viral infection of the lung
-> leaves pt more susceptible to secondary bacterial infection
Entire respiratory tract may be overwhelmed by interstitial inflammation and necrosis

35
Q

influenza subjective

A 
cough
fever
malaise
HA
ST
common cold
36
Q

influenza objective

A

crackles
wheezes
rhonchi
tachypnea

37
Q

tuberculosis patho

A

chronic infectious disease most often begins in the lung but may have widespread manifestations
- inhaled from infected person

38
Q

TB subjuective

A

latent period
- asymptomatic, some regional lymph nodes involved
Active:
- fever, cough, wt. loss, night sweats
Hx of travel to region with endemic TB or close contact with infected person

39
Q

TB objective

A

latent: no findings
active:
- consolidation and/or pleural effusion may develop with corresponding findings
- cough with blood streaked sputum

40
Q

pneumothorax patho

A

presence of air or gas in the pleural cavity

- may result from trauma or occur spontaneously

41
Q

pneumothorax subjective

A

minimal collections of air may be without s/s

larger: dyspnea and chest pain

42
Q

pneumothorax objective

A

breath sounds over pneumothorax are distant
mediastinal shift with tracheal deviation can be seen
unexplained but persistent tachycardia may be a clue to minimal pneumothorax

43
Q

hemothorax patho

A

presence of blood in the pleural cavity

- may be the result of trauma or invasive medical procedures

44
Q

hemothorax subjective

A

dyspnea
lightheadedness
decreased pulmonay function

45
Q

hemothorax objective

A

breath sounds distant or absent
percussion dull
fremitus and decreased
tachycardia and hypotension with large blood loss

46
Q

lung cancer patho

A

bronchogenic carcinoma, malignant tumor

  • tobacco smoke
  • asbestos
  • ionizing radiation
  • inhaled carcinogenic agents
47
Q

lung cancer subjective

A

may cause cough, wheezing, hemoptysis

peripheral tumors w/out obstruction may be asymptomatic

48
Q

lung cancer objective

A

airway obstruction: postobstructive pneumonia can develop

malignant pleural effusion may develop

49
Q

pulmonary embolism patho

A 
embolic occlusion of pulmonary arteries 
risks:
- older than 40
- hx venous thromboembolism 
- surgery with anesthesia longer than 30 min
- heart disease
- CA
- fx of pelvis or leg bones
- obesity
- acquired or genetic thrombophilia
50
Q

pulmonary embolism subjective

A

pleuritic chest pain with or without dyspnea

51
Q

pulmonary embolism objective

A 
possible low grade fever or isolated tachycardia
hypoxia
dull to percussion 
decreased fremitus if there is effusion 
pleural friction rub possible
52
Q

epiglottitis patho

A

acute, life-threatening infection involving the epiglottis and surrounding tissues

  • Hib
  • strep
53
Q

epiglottitis subjective

A

begins suddenly and progresses rapidly without cough
painful sore throat
difficulty swallowing
muffled voice

54
Q

epiglottitis objective

A 
pt sits straight up with neck extended and head forward
anxious and ill appearing
unable to swallow -> drooling
no cough
high fever
beefy red epiglottis

Advanced Health Assessment (57 decks)

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