module 10 neuro intro

Question 1

motor cortex is located

Answer 1

in the frontal lobe

Question 2

cerebellum aids in

Answer 2

coordinating voluntary movement 
proprioception
muscle tone
equilibrium 
posture

Question 3

brainstem controls

Answer 3

involuntary functions

• heart rate
• breathing

Question 4

cranial nerves originate from

Answer 4

the brainstem

Question 5

upper motor neurons

Answer 5

motor pathways
originate and terminate within the CNS
primary role: spinal reflex arcs
affect movement only through Lower motor neurons

Question 6

lower motor neurons

Answer 6

originate in the anterior horn of the spinal cord and extend into PNS
transmit signals to muscles for movement

Question 7

differential dx for CNS

Answer 7

MS
sz disorder
encephalitis
meningitis
intracranial tumors
stroke

Question 8

differential dx for PNS

Answer 8

myasthenia gravis
guillain-barre syndrome
trigeminal neuralgia 
bells palsy 
peripheral neuropathy

Question 9

meningitis tests

Answer 9

nuchal rigidity
brudzinski sign
kernigs sign

Question 10

praxis

Answer 10

use of tools

Question 11

anosmia

Answer 11

impairment or loss of smell

Question 12

CN V examination

Answer 12

3 branches; motor and sensory
face: atrophy or tremors
jaw: tone and strength; masseter strength 
pain and sensation 
corneal reflex

Question 13

CN V deficites

Answer 13

facial pain
diminished or absent corneal reflex
chewing dysfunction

Question 14

CN VII facial examination

Answer 14

facial expressions and taste

• symmetry
• taste

Question 15

CN VII deficits

Answer 15

facial weakness/paralysis: bells palsy

diminished or absent taste

Question 16

CVIII acoustic examination

Answer 16

sensory: hearing and balance
bone and air conduction: Rinne
sound lateralization: weber

Question 17

CVIII deficits

Answer 17

tinnitus
vertigo
hearing deficits

Question 18

CN IX glossopharyngeal examination

Answer 18

motor and sensory: taste and swallowing

• taste
• gag reflex and swallow

Question 19

CN IX deficits

Answer 19

difficulty swallowing

loss of gag reflex

Question 20

CN X vagus examination

Answer 20

motor and sensory: swallowing and speech
inspect palate and uvula for symmetry: stick out tongue say ahh
swallow
guttural speech sounds

Question 21

CN X deficits

Answer 21

dysarthria
vocal paralysis
dysphagia

Question 22

CN XI spinal accessory examination

Answer 22

motor: muscle strength

- shoulder shrug with resistance

Question 23

CN XI deficits

Answer 23

drooping or shoulder weakness

weakness or paralysis of head rotation, flexion, extension

Question 24

CN XII hypoglossal examination

Answer 24

motor: tongue strength
- movement
- lingual speech sounds

Question 25

CN XII deficits

Answer 25

tongue deviation
tongue paralysis
difficulty talking, chewing, swallowing

Question 26

testing cerebellar function

Answer 26

coordination and fine motor skills

- rapid rhythmic alternating movements (RAM)

Question 27

accuracy of movements (cerebellar)

Answer 27

finger to finger test
finger to nose test
heel to shin test

Question 28

Balance: cerebellar

Answer 28

equilibrium 
- Romberg test
- standing on one foot 
Gait: 
- observe gait
- heel-toe walking

Question 29

Sensory function: cerebellar

Answer 29

with pts eyes closed 
Observe for
- asymmetry
- interpretation of sensation 
- discrimination 
- location 
Touch
Pain
Temperature and deep pressure
Vibration
Position of joints

Question 30

cortical sensory functions

Answer 30

stereognosis: identify familiar objects with eyes closed
two-point discrimination
extinction phenomenon: bilateral touch equal
graphesthesis: draw in pt palm, identify
point location