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module 16 women abnormalities Flashcards

1
Q

fibrocystic changes patho

A

benign fluid filled cyst formation caused by ductal enlargement

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2
Q

fibrocystic changes subjective

A

tender and painful breasts and/or palpable lumps that fluctuate with menses
usually worse premenstrually

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3
Q

fibrocystic changes objective

A

round, soft-to-firm, tense, mobile masses with well-delineated borders
usually tender
usually bilateral
multiple or single

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4
Q

fibroadenoma patho

A

benign tumors composed of stromal and epithelial elements that represent a hyperplastic or proliferative process in a single terminal ductal unit

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5
Q

fibroadenoma subjective

A

painless lumps that do not fluctuate with the menstrual cycle
may be asymptomatic with discovery on clinical breast examination or breast imaging

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6
Q

fibroadenoma objective

A

round or discoid, firm, rubbery, mobile masses with well-delineated borders
usually non-tender
usually bilateral
single; may be multiple
biopsy often performed to rule out carcinoma

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7
Q

malignant breast tumors patho

A

ductal carcinoma arises from the epithelial lining of ducts; lobular carcinoma originates in the glandular tissue of the lobules.

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8
Q

malignant breast tumors subjective

A

painless lump, change in size, shape, or contour of breast
axilla may be tender if lymph nodes involved
may be asymptomatic with discovery on clinical breast exam or breast imaging

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9
Q

malignant breast tumors objective

A

may have palpable mass that is usually single, unilateral, irregular, or stellate in shape
poorly delineated borders, fixed, hard or stone-like, non-tender
- breast may have dimpling, retraction, prominent vasculature
- skin may have peau d’orange or thickened appearance
- nipple may be newly inverted or deviate in position

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10
Q

fat necrosis patho

A

benign breast lump occurs as inflammatory response to local injury

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11
Q

fat necrosis subjective

A

hx of trauma to the breast

painless lump

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12
Q

fat necrosis objective

A
  • firm, irregular mass, often appearing as an area of discoloration
  • may mimic breast malignancy on clinical examination or breast imaging, requiring biopsy for diagnosis
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13
Q

intraductal papilloms and papillomatosis patho

A

benign tumors of the subareolar ducts that produce nipple discharge

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14
Q

intraductal papillomas and papillomatosis subjective

A

spontaneous nipple discharge
usually unilateral
usually serous or bloody

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15
Q

intraductal papillomas and papillomatosis objective

A

single-duct unilateral nipple discharge provoked on physical examination
mass behind the nipple may or may not be present
may need excisional biopsy to rule out malignancy

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16
Q

duct ectasia patho

A

benign condition of the subareolar ducts that produces nipple discharge

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17
Q

duct ectasia subjective data

A

spontaneous nipple discharge
discharge often green or brown in color
discharge may be sticky

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18
Q

duct ectasia objective

A

single or multi-ductal discharge provoked on physical examination
mass behind the nipple may or may not be present
breast may or may not be tender
nipple retraction may be present

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19
Q

galactorrhea patho

A

lactation not associated with childbearing

inc. levels of prolactin: disruption of communication between the pituitary and hypothalamus

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20
Q

galactorrhea subjective

A

spontaneous nipple discharge
- bilateral, serous or milky
possible hx:
- amenorrhea, pregnancy, post abortion, hypothyroidism, cushing syndrome, CRF
possible med hx:
- phenothiazines, tricyclic antidepressants, some anti-HTN, estrogens, H2 Rc blockers, marijuana, amphetamines, opiates
possible physiologic hx:
- suckling, stress, dehydration, exercise, nipple stimulation

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21
Q

galactorrhea objective

A

multi-ductal nipple discharge may or may not be provoked on physical examination
no mass

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22
Q

paget disease patho

A

surface manifestation of underlying ductal carcinoma

  • migration of malignant epithelial cells from the intraductal to the nipple skin
  • tumor cells disrupt the epithelial barrier, allowing extracellular fluid to seep out onto the nipple surface
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23
Q

paget disease subjective

A

crustiness of the nipple, areola, and surrounding skin

pruritus of the nipple

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24
Q

paget disease objective

A

red, scaling, crusty patch on the nipple, areola, and surrounding skin
may be unilateral or bilateral
appears eczematous but does not respond to steroids

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25
mastitis patho
inflammation and infection of the breast tissue | most common in lactating pts
26
mastitis subjective
sudden onset of swelling, tenderness, redness, and heat in the breast fever and chills
27
mastitis objective
tender, hard breast mass, with and area of fluctuation, erythema, and heat may have discharge of pus underlying pus-filled abscess may impart a bluish tinge to the skin
28
gynecomastia patho
breast enlargement in males testosterone levels low relative to estrogen inc. body fat -> inc. estrogen
29
gynecomastia subjective
breast enlargement med hx: - estrogens, anti-androgens, anabolic steroids, tricyclid antidepressants, spironolactone, 5a reductase inhibitors, ketoconazole, cimetidine, recreational drugs
30
gynecomastia objective
smooth, firm, mobile, tender disk of breast tissue located behind the areola usually non-tender may be unilateral or bilateral
31
premature thelarche patho
breast enlargement in girls younger than 8
32
premature thelarche subjective
breast enlargement
33
premature thelarche objective
degree of enlargement: slight to fully developed usually bilateral other signs of sexual maturation may be absent
34
premenstrual syndrome patho
collection of physical, psychological, and mood symptoms related to the menstrual cycle - usually begins in late 20's
35
premenstrual syndrome subjective
may include - breast swelling and tenderness, acne, bloating, wt gain, headache, joint pain, food cravings, irritability, difficulty concentrating, mood swings, crying spells, depression s/s 5-7 days before menses and subside with onset of menses
36
premenstrual syndrome objective
none | dx based on s/s and temporal relationship to menstrual cycle
37
infertility patho
inability to conceive over a period of 1 year of unprotected sex
38
infertility subjective
unsuccessful attempts to become pregnant
39
infertility objective
varies with underlying cause | often no physical findings
40
endometriosis patho
the presence and growth of endometrial tissue outside the uterus - possible retrograde reflux of the menstrual tissue from the fallopian tubes during menstruation
41
endometriosis subjective
pelvic pain, dysmenorrhea, heavy or prolonged menstrual flow
42
endometriosis objecitve
no findings | bimanual exam: tender nodules may be palpable along the uterosacral ligaments
43
condyloma acuminatum (genital warts) patho
warty lesions due to STI with HPV
44
condyloma acuminatum subjective
soft, painless, wartlike lesions | hx of sexual contact
45
condyloma acuminatum objective
flesh-colored, whitish pink to reddish brown, discrete, soft growths on labia, vestibule or perianal area lesions may occur singly or in clusters and may enlarge to form cauliflower-like masses
46
molluscum contagiosum patho
viral infection of the skin and mucous membranes - STI in adults, not in children caused by poxvirus, enters through small breaks in hair follicles
47
molluscum contagiosum subjective
painless lesions in genital area
48
molluscum contagiosum objective
- white or flesh-colored dome-shaped papules that are round or oval - surface with central umbilication from which thick creamy core can be expressed - lesions may last from months to years
49
syphilitic chancre patho
skin lesion associated with primary syphilis - bacterium Treponema pallidum - 2 weeks after exposure
50
syphilitic chancre subjective
often no lesion noted, as it may be internal painless genital ulcer sexually active
51
syphilitic chancre objective
solitary lesion; firm, round, small, painless indurated borders with a clear base scrapings from ulcer show spirochetes
52
condyloma latum patho
lesions of secondary syphilis | appear 6-12 weeks after infection
53
condyloma latum subjective
healed solitary genital lesion
54
condyloma latum objective
flat, round, or oval papules coved by a gray exudate
55
genital herpes patho
SHI viral infection of the skin and mucosa | - HSV
56
genital herpes subjective
painful lesions in the genital area hx of sexual contact burning or pain with urination
57
genital herpes objective
superficial vesicles in the genital area, internal or external - may be eroded initial infection often extensive - recurrent infection is usually confined to small localized patch
58
inflammation of the bartholin gland patho
may be acute of chronic
59
inflammation of the bartholin gland subjective
pain and swelling in the groin
60
inflammation of the bartholin gland objective
hot, red, tender, fluctuant swelling of the bartholin gland that may drain pus chronic inflammation results in a non-tender cyst on the labium
61
vaginal carcinoma patho
classified according to the type of tissue from which the cancer arises - squamous: epithelial lining of vagina - adenocarcinoma: glandular tissue - melanoma: pigment-producing cells, melanocytes - sarcoma: deep in the wall of vagina
62
vaginal carcinoma subjective
``` abnml vaginal bleeding difficult of painful urination pain with sex pain in the pelvic area, back, or legs edema in the legs risk factor: exposed in utero to DES ```
63
vaginal carcinoma objective
vaginal discharge, lesions, and masses melanoma: lower or outer portion of the vagina tumors vary in size, color, and growth pattern
64
vulvar carcinoma patho
classified according to the type of tissue from which the cancer arises - squamous: epithelial lining of vagina - adenocarcinoma: Bartholin glands, vulvar sweat glands - melanoma: pigment-producing cells, melanocytes - basal cell: sun-exposed areas, rare
65
vulvar carcinoma subjective
- lump or growth in or on the vulvar area or a patch of skin that is differently textured or colored - ulcer persists longer than 1 month - bleeding from vulvar area - change in appearance of existing mole - persistent itching, pain, soreness, or burning - painful urination
66
vulvar carcinoma objective
- Squamous: ulcerated or raised lesion on vulva/labia - Adenocarcinoma: ulcerated or raised lesion on sides of vaginal opening - Melanoma: dark colored lesion most often on clitoris or the labia minora - Basal cell: ulcerated lesion
67
physiologic vaginitis
subjective: inc. in discharge objective: clear or mucoid discharge dx: wet mount, 3-5 WBC; epithelial cells
68
bacterial vaginosis
subjective: foul-smelling discharge "fishy" objective: homogenous thin, white or gray discharge dx: +KOH "whiff" test, wet mount: + clue cells
69
candida vulvovaginitis
subjective: pruritic discharge, labia to thighs objective: white, curdy discharge. cervix may be red, may have erythema of perineum and thighs dx: KOH prep: mycelia, budding, branching yeast, pseudohyphae
70
Trichomoniasis
subjective: dysuria, dysparenunia w/ severe infection - watery, foul discharge objective: profuse, frothy, greenish discharge, red friable cervix with petechiae "strawberry cervix" dx: wet mount: round or pear-shaped protozoa, motile gyrating flagella

Advanced Health Assessment (57 decks)

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