week 4 Module 12 intro to heart Flashcards
base
broader upper portion
apex
lower, narrow tip
driving force of pulmonary circulation
right heart
low pressure system
driving force of systemic/peripheral circulation
left heart
high-pressure system
most anterior portion of heart
right atria and ventricle
pericardium
double walled sack that encases the heart
epicardium
outer layer
thin
covers heart: inner layer of pericardium
myocardium
thick muscle layer: pumps the heart
endocardium
inner layer
lines the chambers and valves
coronary sulcus
anterior external surface of heart
separates atria and ventricles
valve flow pneumonic
Try Pulling My Arm Tricuspid Pulmonic Mitral Aortic
S1
AV close
- tricuspid, mitral
S2
aortic/pulmonic valves close
S3
filling of ventricles during diastole
S4
atria contracting to fill ventricles completely
P
stimulation through atria
PR
initial stimulation of atria to initial stimulation of ventricle
QRS
stimulation through ventricle
T
return of stimulated muscle to rest
U
repolarization of purkinje fibers
situs inversus
heart and stomach to the right while liver is to the left.
splitting
aortic valves closes before pulmonic so S2 is heard as 2 sounds
- A2 then P2
changes to heart at birth
ductus arteriosus and foramen ovale close
right ventricle assumes pulmonary circulation
left ventricle assumes systemic circulation
heart lie in infant/child
more horizontally and the apex is higher
by age 7 is in adult position
pregnancy changes
vlood volume inc. 40-50%
L. ventricle inc. in mass and wall thickness
Heart shifts more horizontally
older adult changes
size dec. valves calcify (stenosis) HR slows SV dec CO during exercise dec. 30-40% myocardium becomes less elastic
