week 4 Module 12 intro to heart

Question 1

base

Answer 1

broader upper portion

Question 2

apex

Answer 2

lower, narrow tip

Question 3

driving force of pulmonary circulation

Answer 3

right heart

low pressure system

Question 4

driving force of systemic/peripheral circulation

Answer 4

left heart

high-pressure system

Question 5

most anterior portion of heart

Answer 5

right atria and ventricle

Question 6

pericardium

Answer 6

double walled sack that encases the heart

Question 7

epicardium

Answer 7

outer layer
thin
covers heart: inner layer of pericardium

Question 8

myocardium

Answer 8

thick muscle layer: pumps the heart

Question 9

endocardium

Answer 9

inner layer

lines the chambers and valves

Question 10

coronary sulcus

Answer 10

anterior external surface of heart

separates atria and ventricles

Question 11

valve flow pneumonic

Answer 11

Try Pulling My Arm
Tricuspid
Pulmonic
Mitral
Aortic

Question 12

S1

Answer 12

AV close

- tricuspid, mitral

Question 13

S2

Answer 13

aortic/pulmonic valves close

Question 14

S3

Answer 14

filling of ventricles during diastole

Question 15

S4

Answer 15

atria contracting to fill ventricles completely

Question 16

P

Answer 16

stimulation through atria

Question 17

PR

Answer 17

initial stimulation of atria to initial stimulation of ventricle

Question 18

QRS

Answer 18

stimulation through ventricle

Question 19

T

Answer 19

return of stimulated muscle to rest

Question 20

U

Answer 20

repolarization of purkinje fibers

Question 21

situs inversus

Answer 21

heart and stomach to the right while liver is to the left.

Question 22

splitting

Answer 22

aortic valves closes before pulmonic so S2 is heard as 2 sounds
- A2 then P2

Question 23

changes to heart at birth

Answer 23

ductus arteriosus and foramen ovale close
right ventricle assumes pulmonary circulation
left ventricle assumes systemic circulation

Question 24

heart lie in infant/child

Answer 24

more horizontally and the apex is higher

by age 7 is in adult position

Question 25

pregnancy changes

Answer 25

vlood volume inc. 40-50%
L. ventricle inc. in mass and wall thickness
Heart shifts more horizontally

Question 26

older adult changes

Answer 26

size dec. 
valves calcify (stenosis)
HR slows
SV dec
CO during exercise dec. 30-40%
myocardium becomes less elastic