module 9 sinus, mouth, throat

Question 1

sinusitis patho

Answer 1

bacterial infection of one or more of the paranasal sinuses

Question 2

sinusitis subjective

Answer 2

• URI that worsens or persists after 7-10 days
• frontal HA, facial pain or pressure, pain in a maxillary tooth
• purulent nasal discharge or nasal congestion
• persistent cough, may be worse at night

Question 3

sinusitis objective

Answer 3

• may have no physical findings
• purulent nasal discharge from middle meatus
• tenderness over frontal or maxillary sinus
• swelling over orbital or involved sinus
• sinus does not transilluminate
• sinus radiograph indicates filled sinus
• children may have daytime and nighttime cough, halitosis, and fever

Question 4

acute bacterial pharyngitis patho

Answer 4

infection of tonsils or posterior pharynx by microorganisms

Question 5

acute bacterial pharyngitis subjective

Answer 5

ST, bay be referred to ears, disphagia
fever, malaise
fetid breath
may have associated abd. pain, scarlatiniform rash, HA

Question 6

acute bacterial pharyngitis objective

Answer 6

red and swollen tonsils
crypts filled with purulent exudate
enlarged anterior cervical lymph nodes
palatal petechiae

Question 7

peritonsillar abscess patho

Answer 7

deep infection in the space between the palatine tonsil capsule and pharyngeal muscles

Question 8

peritonsillar abscess subjective

Answer 8

dysphagia, odynophagia, drooling
severe ST with pain radiating to ear, worse on one side
malaise and fever

Question 9

peritonsillar abscess objective

Answer 9

unilateral red and swollen tonsil and adjacent soft palate
possible displaced tonsil and uvula
trismus (spasm of masticator muscles)
muffled voice
fetid breath
cervical an/or submandibular lymphadenopathy

Question 10

retropharyngeal abscess patho

Answer 10

life threatening deep neck space infection that has the potential to occlude the airway
- potential space extending from the base of the skull to the posterior mediastinum between the posterior pharyngeal wall and prevertebral fascia

Question 11

retropharyngeal abscess subjective

Answer 11

recent URI 
acutely ill, fever
drooling
anorexia
irritable and anxious 
pain in the neck and jaw with referral to ear
limited neck movement 
chest pain if extends to mediastinum

Question 12

retropharyngeal abscess objective

Answer 12

fever
lateral neck movement increases pain, torticollis
restlessness
lateral pharyngeal wall is distorted medially
trismus
resp. distress
muffled voice

Question 13

oral cancer patho

Answer 13

cancer involving the oral cavity or related structures

high association with HPV

Question 14

oral cancer subjective

Answer 14

painless sore in mouth that does not heal

pain with later-stage lesions

Question 15

oral cancer objective

Answer 15

• ulcerative lesion: red or white, appearing as piled-up edges around a core on the lateral border or floor of mouth.
• firm, non-mobile mass
• tooth mobility when no periodontal disease is present
• cervical lymphadenopathy

Question 16

periodontal disease (periodontitis) patho

Answer 16

chronic infection of the gums, bones, and other tissues that surround and support the teeth

Question 17

peridontal disease subjective

Answer 17

red and swollen gums that bleed easily with brushing
tender gums and loose teeth
teeth sensitive to temp. or hurt when eating

Question 18

periodontal disease objective

Answer 18

plaque and tartar buildup on teeth
teeth appear long
deep pockets between the teeth and gingiva 
loose or missing teeth 
halitosis

Question 19

oropharyngeal clefts patho

Answer 19

lip or palate failing to fuse during embryonic development before the 12th week of gestation

Question 20

oropharyngeal clefts subjective

Answer 20

often diagnosed on prenatal ultrasound
difficulty sucking
failure to gain wt

Question 21

oropharyngeal clefts objective

Answer 21

apparent at birth
cleft may be unilateral or bilateral
may involve lip, hard palate, or soft palate, or all 3