Module 18 GU Flashcards
pregnant women contractions
onset, freq, duration, intensity
any back pain?
leakage for fluid
bleeding?
older adults urinary s/s
nocturia
change in stream
incontinence
older adults bowel patterns
constipation
diarrhea
fecal incontinence
older adults dietary habits
fiber
food intolerances
change in appetite
daily fluid intake
pregnant women physical exam
inc. estrogen and progesterone
-> inc. risk UTI
enlarged uterus
-> inc. urinary s/s
strengthened pelvic ligaments
-> pelvic pain
pelvic congestion and edema
thickened vaginal walls
inc. vaginal secretions
older women physical exam
labia flatter and smaller skin drier and shinier gray and sparse pubic hair clitoris smaller urinary meatus may appear as an irregular opening or slit Vagina narrower and shorter diminished rectal tone
renal abscess patho
localized infection in the medulla or cortex of the kidney
cortex: usually gram positive
Medulla: usually gram negative
renal abscess subjective
s/s of pyelonephritis persisting beyond 72 hours of appropriate abx therapy
renal abscess objective
ill appearing with fever and pain
CVA tenderness
UA: pyuria, bacteriuria
Renal calculi patho
stones formed int eh pelvis of the kidney associated with obstruction and infections in the urinary tract
- calcium salts, uric acid, cystine, struvite
renal calculi subjective
fever, dysuria, hematuria, flank pain
renal colic: sever cramping flank pain with N/V
As stone passes through the ureter the pain typically moves from the flank to the groin and then scrotal or labial area
renal calculi objective
severe cramping pain
CVA tenderness and/or abd. tenderness with palpation
urinalysis may show microscopic hematuria, an elevated calcium to creatinine ratio
hydronephrosis patho
dilation of the renal pelvis and calyces due to an obstruction of urine flow anywhere from the urethral meatus to the kidneys
hydronephrosis subjective
acute obstruction
-> intermitent, severe pain, N/V
secondary infection
-> abd. pian, flank pain, hematuria, fever
hydronephrosis objective
unremarkable physical examination
severe: kidney palpable, CVA tenderness
Lower obstruction: distended bladder
Most asymptomatic, found during imaging
pyelonephritis patho
infection of the kidney and renal pelvis
pyelonephritis subjective
fever, dysuria, flank pain
rigor, frequency, urgency, hematuria
pyelonephritis objective
ill appearing with significant pain or discomfort
fever and CVA tenderness
UA: pyuria, bacteriuria confirm dx
acute glomerulonephritis patho
inflammation of the capillary loops of the renal glomeruli
- immune complex deposition or formation
acute glomerulonephritis subjective
nonspecific s/s
- nausea, malaise, flank pain, headache r/t HTN
- poss. tea colored urine or hematuria
acute glomerulonephritis objective
possible nml exam
edema, HTN, oliguria
85% of affected children: peripheral and periorbital edema
microscopic hematuria
recurrent cystitis
> 2 infections per year
bladder cancer
usually presents with painless microhematuria
- familial component
interstitial cystitis
chronic pelvic pain > 6 months
- frequency and urgency
overactive bladder
urinating > 8 times in 24 hours
freq. and urgency
nocturia > 2x/night
