module 6 hair and nails

Question 1

Inspection of hair

Answer 1

color
distribution: symmetric?
quantity
areas of hair loss

Question 2

palpation of hair

Answer 2

texture: dry, brittle

abnormal characteristics

Question 3

hair pull test

Answer 3

scalp is gently pulled

• nml: 3-5 hairs dislodged
• more suggests pathology

Question 4

grayness

Answer 4

dec. functioning of melanocytes

Question 5

balding

Answer 5

genetic in men

Question 6

androgenic alopecia

Answer 6

normal male balding
progressive balding
- genetic and androgen effect on hair follicle

Question 7

alopecia areata

Answer 7

localized loss of hair in round or oval areas

- no inflammation

Question 8

alopecia areata totalis

Answer 8

total loss of scalp hair

Question 9

alopecia areata universalis

Answer 9

loss of hair on entire body

Question 10

hirsutism

Answer 10

excessive hair growth in women in androgen dependent patterns

• inc. androgenic activity
• • endocrine, PCOS

Question 11

trichotillomania

Answer 11

compulsive urge to pull out ones own hair
disorder
-> hair loss, distress, social/functional impairment
Chronic
Peak: 9-13
trigger: depression, stress

Question 12

Nail inspection

Answer 12

color
shape and contour
symmetry
consistency
cleanliness

Question 13

nail palpation

Answer 13

firmness
texture
separation
pain

Question 14

schamroth technique

Answer 14

put knuckles of thumbs together and tips of nails touch

• diamond shape: normal
• clubbing: diamond disappears
• prominent distal angle of nails

Question 15

clubbing

Answer 15

nail enlarged and curved

- cardiac, pulmonary

Question 16

pigmented bands in nails

Answer 16

nml in dark skinned individuals
if light skinned: subungual melanoma
-> derm follow up

Question 17

onycholysis

Answer 17

separation of nail plates starting at distal groove

- endocrine disorder: ex: hyperthyroid

Question 18

Onychomycosis

Answer 18

fungal infection grows in nail plate
-> thick dystrophic nails
Only tx with systemic anti-fungal over prolonged period
-> toenail removal r/t pain/thickness

Question 19

ingrown toenail

Answer 19

nail pierces lateral nail fold and grows into dermis

Question 20

spoon nails/koilonychia

Answer 20

central depression of nails with lateral elevation

• iron deficiency anemia
• hypothyroid

Question 21

terry nails

Answer 21

transverse bands
- usually in proximal 2/3 of nail 
Systemic disorder
- liver disease
- DM
- normal aging

Question 22

psoriatic nails

Answer 22

pitting
subungual thickening
- a lot of debris under nails

Question 23

beau lines

Answer 23

often occurs after a severe/sudden acute febrile illness

• transverse depression
• • temporary interruption of nails formation