week 5 module 14 intro into Resp system Flashcards
bony structures of the thorax
sternum
manubrium
xiphoid process
12 pairs of ribs
muscles of the thorax
diaphragm external intercostal muscles internal intercostal muscles sternocleidomastoid trapezius
intrathoracic spaces of the thorax
mediastinum
right and left pleural cavities
accessory muscles
sternocleidomastoid
trapezius
angle of louis
manubriosternal junction
- 2nd rib and sternum
trachea
anterior to esophagus and posterior to the isthmus of the thyroid
right bronchi
3 branches wider shorter vertical - more susceptible to aspiration
left bronchi
two branches and lingula
oblique fissure
divides upper and lower lung sections
conical
separates the apex and base
Past Medical Hx
chronic diseases thoracic trauma or surgery use of O2 and ventilation assisting devices other chronic disorders - HIV, CA medications allergies testing immunizations
chronic pulmonary diseases PMH
COPD pneumonia asthma TB frequent URI malignancy
family hx
TB CF emphysema allergy, asthma, atopic dermatitis malignancy bronchiectasis bronchitis clotting disorders COPD
personal and social hx
employment home enviro tobacco use exposure to resp. infections nutritional status use of herbal or other remedies regional/travel exposures hobbies alcohol/drugs exercise tolerance
pregnant women mechanical and biochemical
increased progesterone
preg women anatomic changes
lower ribs flare
major work of breathing is done by diaphragm
inc. tidal volume
resp. rate unchanged
preg. hx
multiple fetuses, polyhydraminos
exercise type and energy expenditure
exposre to and freq. of resp infections
older adult anatomic changes
barrel chest skeletal changes - dorsal curve - kyphosis alveoli loose elasticity - dec. gas exchange dec. vital capacity inc. residual volume mucous membranes drier mobility? aspiration risk
barrel chest in older adults r/t
loss of muscle strength in the thorax and diaphragm along with loss of lung resiliency
