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Repro > week 1 - histology of the male reproductive system > Flashcards

week 1 - histology of the male reproductive system Flashcards

1
Q

what are the testis?

A

The testes are paired structures lying in the scrotum

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2
Q

what are the testis surrounded by?

A

Surrounded by a capsule

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3
Q

what does each testis consist of?

A

a number of seminiferous tubules (ST)

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4
Q

what do the seminiferous tubules (ST) drain via?

A

drain via the straight tubules into the rete testis (R)

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5
Q

what is the next structure from rete testis? leading to?

A

the efferent ductules (DE) which lead to the epididymis which is highly coiled

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6
Q

what is plastered onto the posterior aspect of the testis?

A

the epididymis is described as having a head (H), body (B) and tail (T)

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7
Q

what are all the different parts of the testis?

A 
C: capsule
ST: seminferous tubule
R: rete testis
DE: efferent ducts
H: head - epididymis
B: body - epididymis
T: tail - epididymis
V: vas deferens
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8
Q

what type of epithelium lines the testis?

A

Seminiferous epithelium

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9
Q

what are the cell types of the seminiferous epithelium?

A

2 cell types:

  1. Sertoli cells
  2. cells of the germ cell lineage
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10
Q

what do the Sertoli cells form?

A

blood-testis barrier

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11
Q

describe the germ cells of seminiferous epithelium

A

Germ (G) cells (appearing) at various stages of development

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12
Q

function of Sertoli cells of seminiferous epithelium

A

FSH responsive

inhibin secretion

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13
Q

where are Leydig cells found?

A

in seminiferous tubule of testis (as are Sertoli cells)

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14
Q

function of Leydig cells of seminiferous tubule of testis?

A

testosterone secretion

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15
Q

which age group is testis tumour commonly seen in?

A

early life - young people

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16
Q

90 – 95% testicular neoplasms are which type?

A

GERM CELL tumours

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17
Q

Seminiferous tubules converges onto what? via?

A

Seminiferous tubules converge on Rete testis via tubuli recti

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18
Q

type of epithelium of rete testis?

A

simple cuboidal epithelium

19
Q

function of rete testis?

A

Provides the exit to duct system for male germ cells

20
Q

what connects to rete testis? via?

A

efferent duct connects rete testis with the head of the epididymis

21
Q

epithelium of efferent duct?

A

Characteristic scalloped epithelium

outer myoid cells, inner cilia

22
Q

function of efferent duct?

A

Combined ciliary action and myoid contraction contribute to sperm transport

23
Q

epithelium of epididymis?

A

Smooth muscle tube lined by pseudostratified epithelium

24
Q

what is epididymis characterised by?

A

presence of stereocilia

25
Q

cells within epididymis?

A

outermost: (M) peritubular myoid layer
middle: basal cell (B)
innermost: (P) principal cells with stereocilia

26
Q

what happens by the time of epididymis?

A

Sperm maturation is completed (motile)

27
Q

describe vas deferens?

A

4 layered tube:
epithelium
3x smooth muscle

28
Q

epithelium of vas deferens?

A

pseudostratified columnar

29
Q

types of SM in vas deferens?

A

outer: (L) longitudinal smooth muscle
middle (C) circular smooth muscle
inner: (L) longitudinal SM

30
Q

what does vas deferens connect?

A

Connects epididymis with ejaculatory duct

31
Q

function of vas deferens?

A

Smooth muscle contracts powerfully during ejaculation

32
Q

describe seminal vesicle

A

Secretory epithelium - a layer of smooth muscle

33
Q

function of seminal vesicle?

A

contributes 85% ejaculate volume

34
Q

innervation of seminal vesicle? allows for what?

A

sympathetic innervation enables discharge of contents into duct

35
Q

histology of prostate?

A

E: epithelium - white gaps
S: fibromuscular stroma - pink area

36
Q

which type of epithelium is found in prostate?

A

heterogenous:

cuboidal / columnar / pseudostratified

37
Q

describe the prostate (structure linking to function)

A

Collection of 30 – 50 tubulo-alveolar glands draining into prostatic urethra

38
Q

what merges within prostate?

A

Ejaculatory ducts merge with urethra within the prostate

39
Q

what is characteristic of prostate stroma?

A

Characteristic fibromuscular stroma

40
Q

what are the different zones of prostate? (outermost to innermost)

A

peripheral zone
transition zone
central zone

41
Q

clinical relevance of transition zone of prostate?

A

Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH)

symptomatic much earlier - compresses prostatic urethra

42
Q

clinical relevance of peripheral zone of prostate?

A

Prostatic carcinoma

43
Q

what lies within the central zone of the prostate?

A

prostatic urethra

44
Q

what are the most common disorders of the prostate?

A

hyperplasia and carcinoma:
• Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)
• Prostatic adenocarcinoma

Repro (78 decks)

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