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Repro > Histology of male reproductive system (basic) > Flashcards

Histology of male reproductive system (basic) Flashcards

1
Q

where do the testis lie?

A

in the scrotum

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2
Q

what are the testis composed of?

A

seminiferous tubules that drain into the rete testis

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3
Q

what do the rete testis then lead to?

A

the efferent ductules which then lead to highly coiled epididymus and then vas deferens

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4
Q

what is the testis surrounded by?

A

a heavily vascularised tunica vasculosa and then a tough CT of tunica albuginea (capsule)

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5
Q

what is each seminiferous tubule surrounded by?

A

perilobar CT as well as Leydig cells between them

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6
Q

what are Leydig cells’ homologous in female?

A

theca cells of ovary

both function to produce androgens

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7
Q

what are testosterone (androgens) produced from in the testis?

A

circulating cholesterol

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8
Q

what are seminiferous tubules each lined with?

A

cells of different morphologies - various stages of developing male gametes
(spermatogonia, spermatids, spermatozoa)

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9
Q

where are spermatogonia located within the lining of seminiferous tubules?

A

deepest to the tubular wall

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10
Q

how do spermatogonia turn into spermatids and spermatozoa?

A

spermatogonia slowly migrate to the lumen (of ST), to develop into spermatids, then spermatozoa

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11
Q

what envelops developing spermatozoa?

A

Sertoli cells

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12
Q

what is the homologous of Sertoli cells in females?

A

granulosa cells

both responsive to FSH levels

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13
Q

what is the function of Sertoli cells in males?

A

responsible for metabolic and structural support of the developing spermatozoa

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14
Q

what do Sertoli cells produce?

A

the blood-testis barrier of the testis

also produce inhibin

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15
Q

what else surrounds the seminiferous tubule within the testis? function?

A

myofibroblast

exhibit contractile function

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16
Q

when do testicular tumours occur? which type is most common?

A

occur in early life (not common age group for tumours)

90-95% = germ cell tumours

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17
Q

where do spermatozoa formed in the seminiferous tubules pass via? into?

A

via straight tubules into rete testis

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18
Q

what do the channels of rete testis fuse to form?

A

a number of efferent ductules - which drain into highly coiled epididymus (H,B,T)

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19
Q

what do efferent ductules connect?

A

rete testis to head of epididymus

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20
Q

what is efferent ductule lined with?

A

loose CT and a mixture of columnar and non-ciliated cuboidal cells

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21
Q

what is the function of non-ciliated cuboidal cells within the efferent ductules?

A

reabsorb some of the fluid produced from the seminiferous tubules

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22
Q

what is the function of the columnar cells within the efferent ductules?

A

move sperm through the seminiferous tubules

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23
Q

what else lines the efferent ductules?

A

contractile cells

24
Q

function of contractile cells lining the efferent ductules?

A

adding to sperm transport

25
Q

describe the epididymus

A

coiled tube with head, body, tail

26
Q

what lines the epididymus?

A

pseudostratified epithelia containing stereocilia

27
Q

what does the lining of pseudostratified epithelia containing stereocilia allow for in the epididymus?

A

reabsorption of any residual bodies of sperm lost during maturation and modulation of any secretions

28
Q

what surrounds the tubule of the epididymus? what does it allow for?

A

substantial muscular layer surrounding tubule, allowing for rhythmic contraction in the head and body of the epididymus

29
Q

what type of control is the tail of the epididymus under?

A

autonomic control

30
Q

what is the function of the vas deferens?

A

transports male germ cells from epididymus to the ejaculatory duct

31
Q

where is the ejaculatory duct formed?

A

at the union of the seminal vesicle and terminal part of the vas deferens

32
Q

what does the vas deferens contain? function?

A

an extremely thick muscular layer made of 3 separate muscular layers (outer longitudinal, middle circular, inner longitudinal)
for powerful contractions

33
Q

what is the folding of the mucosal layer of the vas deferens due to?

A

tone of the (middle) circular layer of SM

34
Q

what is the epithelial lining of the vas deferens?

A

pseudostratified with a few stereocilia present (same as epididymus, but less stereocilia)

35
Q

what are the seminal vesicles?

A

paired glands open into vas deferens near prostatic urethra

36
Q

what do seminal vesicles initially develop as?

A

outgrowing of the vas deferens

37
Q

what are each seminal vesicle like?

A

coiled tubulosaccular glands

38
Q

what is the mucosa of seminal vesicles like?

A

mucosa is highly folded and surrounded by a muscular coat

39
Q

what is the innervation of the muscular coat surrounding the seminal vesicles?

A

sympathetic

40
Q

what is the function of the seminal vesicles?

A

provide bulk of the ejaculate

41
Q

where are the prostate glands located?

A

surrounds the prostatic urethra at the base of the bladder

42
Q

what do the prostate glands consist of?

A

3 tubuloalveolar glands arranged around the urethra:
mucosal, submucosal and main glands
(also = central, transitional, peripheral zones)

43
Q

what do the 3 tubuloalveolar glands of the prostate drain into?

A

the urethra

44
Q

what is the prostate surrounded by? forming?

A

a fibromuscular capsule, from which the septae form

45
Q

what is the function of the septae (from fibromuscular capsule) in the prostate?

A

divides the prostate up into zones

46
Q

what does the prostate produce? function?

A

a slightly alkaline fluid

helps to neutralise acidity of the vaginal tract

47
Q

which epithelia lines the prostate?

A 
heterogenous epithelia - so can be:
simple squamous
cuboidal
columnar OR 
pseudostratified
48
Q

what can occur to the prostate in older men?

A

enlargement of the prostate (PH)

benign (BPH) / malignant (MPH)

49
Q

what causes enlargement of the prostate?

A

bodies of proteins, cholesterol and calcium phosphate can calcify and form in the ducts

50
Q

what are the most common disorders of the prostate?

A

hyperplasia and carcinoma

51
Q

where is BPH most commonly seen?

A

in transitional zone

52
Q

where is prostatic adenocarcinoma most commonly seen?

A

in peripheral zone

53
Q

how do BPH and prostatic adenocarcinoma present?

A

similar symptoms:
frequency
urgency
incontinence

54
Q

when do symptoms of prostatic adenocarcinoma present?

A

present late as it is in the peripheral zone - doesn’t compress prostatic urethra as early on as BPH in transitional zone

55
Q

what are the bulbourethral glands?

A

2 small exocrine glands that are found exiting the membranous portion of the urethra at the base of the penis

56
Q

what is the function of the bulbourethral glands?

A

produce ‘pre-ejaculate’ for lubrication

Repro (78 decks)

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