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Repro > 1.1 development of the reproductive system - 2 > Flashcards

1.1 development of the reproductive system - 2 Flashcards

1
Q

what is the cloaca?

A

early development, GI, urinary & repro tracts all end in this single structure

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2
Q

what is the urogenital sinus created from? by what?

A

created from hindgut by urorectal septum (wedge of intermediate mesoderm)

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3
Q

what is the UGS continuous with?

A

urachus (median umbilical ligament)

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4
Q

what happens to the mesonephric ducts and UGS in males?

A 
mesonephric ducts reach UGS
ureteric bud sprouts from MD
smooth musculature begins to appear in UGS
UGS expands
UB & MD both open into UGS
prostate and prostatic urethra form
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5
Q

what happens to mesonephric ducts and UGS in females?

A

MD reach UGS
MD sprouts UB (future kidney)
UGS begins to expand, MD regresses (UB maintained)
UB opens into UGS

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6
Q

what are paramesonephric ducts?

A

Mullerian duct

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7
Q

what do paramesonephric ducts appear as?

A

invaginations of epithelium of urogenital ridge

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8
Q

what do the paramesonephric ducts make contact with caudally?

A

with cloaca (urogenital sinus)

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9
Q

what happens to the paramesonephric ducts cranially?

A

opens into abdominal cavity

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10
Q

where are primordial gonads located?

A

superficial and medial to mesonephric tissue

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11
Q

what forms the primitive medullary cords and sex cords?

A

PMC: columns of cells from mesonephros
MC: columns of cells from coelomic epithelium

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12
Q

if the germ cells are male, what happens to the sex cords? what does it meet?

A

vigorous growth of sex cords in medullary region of gonad

to meet mesonephric cords - forming testis cords

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13
Q

what enters the testis cords? giving rise to what?

A

germ cells, giving rise to seminiferous tubules (sperm forms within)

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14
Q

what do the mesodermal cells in males give rise to?

A

Sertoli cells

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15
Q

what do Sertoli cells express?

A

SRY gene - only in males

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16
Q

if the germ cells are female, then what doesn’t develop?

A

medullary cords

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17
Q

which region of the gonad develops in females?

A

cortical region

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18
Q

what do germ cells become surrounded by in females? what does it form?

A

germ cells become surrounded by mesenchymal cells to form primordial follicles

19
Q

what are the germ cells surrounded by mesenchymal cells with primordial follicles called?

A

oogonia

20
Q

what is oogonia surrounded by?

A

a single layer of granulosa cells

21
Q

what is not expressed in female germ cells?

A

SRY gene

22
Q

if no germ cells arrive, then what happens to the development of the primitive sex cords?

A

not initiated

23
Q

what happens when the development of primitive sex cords isn’t initiaed?

A

no gonadal ridges form

so mature gonads do not develop

24
Q

what does male internal genitalia form from?

A

Wolffian / mesonephric ducts

25
Q

what do female internal genitalia form from?

A

Mullerian / paramesonephric ducts

26
Q

what happens to the Wolffian ducts in females?

A

regress spontaneously

27
Q

what does the Mullerian duct develop into in females?

A

oviducts (fallopian tubes)
uterus
cervix
upper vagina

28
Q

what develops if there are no gonads at all?

A 
Mullerian ducts
(female = default gender)
29
Q

In males, which cells secrete testosterone?

A

interstitial cells

30
Q

which cells secrete MIH in males? (mullerian inhibitory hormone)

A

Sertoli cells

31
Q

what happens as a results of testosterone & MIH secretion?

A

Mullerian ducts regress

Wolffian ducts develop

32
Q

what joints with mesonephric (Wolffian ducts)? where?

A

seminiferous cords

joins at the rete testis

33
Q

what happens to the remainder of each duct in males (Wolffian & Mullerian)?

A

forms epididymis, vas deferens, seminal vesicles

internal genitalia

34
Q

what is it called if an organ has the potential to develop into either male or female sexual organs?

A

bi-potential e.g. gonads & ducts systems

35
Q

what are the basic components of the external genitalia?

A

genital tubercle (GT)
genital folds
genital swellings

36
Q

what forms the labia minora and majora in females?

A

urethral folds (minora) and genital swellings (majora)

37
Q

what forms the clitoris in females?

A

genital tubercle

38
Q

what stimulates the development of female external genitalia?

A

nothing - default gender

39
Q

what happens to the female (genital) urethral folds? what does this result in?

A

no fusion

urethra opens into vestibule (outside)

40
Q

what forms the spongy urethra in males?

A

GT elongates, genital folds fuse (either side, envelop - scrotum) - urethra opens up at tip of glans penis

41
Q

what drives the formation of spongy urethra in males?

A

testis-driven androgen hormones: dihydrotestosterone

42
Q

what forms when the urethral folds close in males?

A

shaft of the penis

43
Q

what forms the scrotum in males?

A

genital swellings fuse

44
Q

what forms the glans penis in males?

A

genital tubercle expand

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