4.1 testis and scrotum (workbook): clinical (page 57)

Question 1

what is oligozoospermia?

Answer 1

a clinical condition where there is an abnormally low number of spermatozoa in the semen

Question 2

what is azoospermia?

Answer 2

no sperm appears in the ejaculate

Question 3

what is cryptorchid testis?

Answer 3

maldescended testis

Question 4

which function is impaired in cryptorchid testis? why?

Answer 4

spermatogenesis is impaired because of the elevated temperature (testis function best just below body temperature)

Question 5

what happens to the cells in cryptorchid testis?

Answer 5

germ cells abscent

Sertoli and Leydig cells secrete male sex hormones

Question 6

what is Cryptorchid testes associated with?

Answer 6

increased incidence of malignant testicular tumours

Question 7

what is orchitis?

Answer 7

inflammation of the testis

Question 8

when does orchitis occur?

Answer 8

in some individuals who suffer mumps after puberty

Question 9

what does orchitis result in?

Answer 9

impaired spermatogenesis, occasionally leading to seminiferous tubule degeneration or at times, infertility

Question 10

what can cause absence of germ cells?

Answer 10

congenital or acquired (e.g. drugs, viral, infections, irradiation, cryptorchidism)

Question 11

how common is testicular tumours?

Answer 11

rare

Question 12

what do most testicular tumours arise from?

Answer 12

germ cells, with a high degree of malignancy

Question 13

how do testicular tumours present?

Answer 13

as a swelling / lump in testis