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Repro > 6 STIs: chlamydia > Flashcards

6 STIs: chlamydia Flashcards

1
Q

what type of organisms are chlamydia?

A

obligate intracellular bacteria

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2
Q

what are the implications of chlamydia being an obligate intracellular bacteria?

A

they do not grow on routine laboratory media - has implications for diagnostic methods

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3
Q

what is the infective form of chlamydia?

A

the elementary body, which develops within the host cell into the reticulate body (having network of veins etc.)

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4
Q

what happens to the reticulate bodies of chlamydia which developed within host cells from elementary bodies?

A

reticulate body replicates eventually reverting back to elementary bodies, which leave the cell to infect other cells (process begins again)

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5
Q

how does chlamydia in females commonly present?

A

asymptomatic

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6
Q

where do the chlamydia organism in females infect and replicate?

A

infects and replicates within the epithelium of the cervix and urethra

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7
Q

what can ascending infections of chlamydia in females lead to?

A

if involves the upper genital tract, can result in clinical / subclinical pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)

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8
Q

how do PID from ascending infections of chlamydia involving upper genital tract present?

A

as endometritis / salpingitis

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9
Q

what is a rare complication of PID from ascending chlamydia infection resulting in PID?

A

perihepatitis

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10
Q

what is perihepatitis?

A

inflammation of the serous or peritoneal coating of the liver

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11
Q

how do most cervical infections present?

A

asymptomatic

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12
Q

what is cervical infection an important cause of?

A

mucopurulent cervicitis

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13
Q

what can urethral infection lead to?

A

‘acute urethral’ syndrome = a sequel of urethral infection

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14
Q

how does urethral infection present?

A

dysuria (pain) and frequency

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15
Q

which age group do urethral infections most commonly present in?

A

young sexually active women

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16
Q

what is the most important cause of pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) in the western world?

A

chlamydia trachomatis

17
Q

what is the major complication of pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)?

A

tubal damage leading to infertility and ectopic pregnancy

18
Q

what is a well-established cause of perihepatitis?

A

neisseria gonorrhoea

Chlamydia trachomatis also has a role to play

19
Q

how does chlamydia infection in men usually present?

A

as urethritis

20
Q

what is Reiters syndrome?

A

urethritis, conjunctivitis and arthritis are the classical triad manifestations associated with this syndrome

21
Q

which gender is Reiters syndrome predominantly in?

A

male patients

22
Q

what is Reiters syndrome a complication of?

A

acute epididymitis

23
Q

what can Chlamydia trachomatis commonly cause in sexually active individuals?

A

ocular infections

eye infections

24
Q

what is a source of Chlamydia trachomatis in neonate?

A

cervical infection in pregnant women

25
Q

what is the most common infection in neonates?

A

conjunctivitis

26
Q

what does untreated conjunctivitis from Chlamydia trachomatis in neonates lead to?

A

neonatal pneumonia

27
Q

what is important about specimen collection of Chlamydia?

A

quality of specimen

as Chlamydia trachomatis is an intra cellular pathogen, it is essential that cell are present in the sample

28
Q

how do you collect a specimen of Chlamydia trachomatis in males?

A

urethral swab
OR
first catch urine

29
Q

how do you collect a specimen of Chlamydia trachomatis in females?

A

endocervical swab

urine

30
Q

what is important when collecting an endocervical swab for Chlamydia trachomatis in females?

A

any pus is first removed from the cervix, and that good quality cellular material is obtained

31
Q

when can urine be used in collecting a specimen of Chlamydia trachomatis in females?

A

may be used for molecular methods, but less sensitive than an endocervical swab

32
Q

what is the potential value of using urine specimens in collecting a specimen of Chlamydia trachomatis in females?

A

for population screening, patients may provide their own specimens whereas an endocervical swab is time consuming

33
Q

what are the cons of using endocervical swab in collecting a specimen of Chlamydia trachomatis in females?

A

requires a trained member of staff to take the specimen

less acceptable to the patient

34
Q

what do you test for to check Chlamydia trachomatis in neonates?

A

eye swab

pneumonia

35
Q

how do you carry out an eye swab to collect a sample of Chlamydia trachomatis in neonates?

A

remove any pus

invert eyelid and scrape conjunctiva surface to obtain cellular material

36
Q

how do you test for pneumonia in neonates?

A

serology is useful

differential on WCC (white cell count) may show eosinophilia

Repro (78 decks)

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