6 Sexually transmitted infections (workbook) Flashcards
where is national data form STIs avaliable from?
genito urinary medicine (GUM) clinics
what do GUM clinics notify?
sexually transmitted diseases centrally
when has STIs been gradually increasing?
since 1995
why has STIs been thought to have been on the increase since 1995?
increased transmission
acceptability of GUM services
greater public awareness
development in diagnostic methods
what will the data from GUM services provide?
underestimate the true incidence of STIs as patients may be seen in a variety of OTHER settings e.g. GP, family planning clinics etc.
why many GUM underestimate true incidence of STIs?
many infections are asymptomatic e.g. thought that only 10% of chlamydia attend GUM services
what are the different types of genital skin and mucous membrane lesions?
genital ulcers
vesicles of Bullae
Genital papules
what are examples of genital ulcers? (genital skin and mucous membrane lesions)
HSV (herpes simplex virus)
syphilis
chanchroid (haemophilus ducreyi)
what type of infection are Vesicles of Bullae? (genital skin and mucous membrane lesions)
HSV (herpes simplex virus)
what are examples of genital papules? (genital skin and mucous membrane lesions)
transient manifestations of STIs
condylomata cuminata (anogenital warts)
umbilicated lesions of Molluscum contagiosum virus
how do you examine for genital ulcers?
number, size, tenderness, base, edge
what are the different types of urethritis?
gonococcal urethritis
NGU (non-gonococcal urethritis)
post-gonococcal urethritis
what are examples of NGU? (type of urethritis)
Chlamydia trachomatis
ureaplasma
mycoplasma
trichomonas HSV
what are the different types of vulvo-vaginitis and cervicitis?
vulvovaginitis
cervicitis
Bartholinitis
Bacterial vagionosis (BV)
what are examples of vulvovagiitis?
candiasis trichomoniasis staphylococcal foreign body HSV (herpes simplex virus)
what are examples of cervicitis?
C. trachomatis
N. gonorrhoeae
HSV
HPV
what is bartholinitis?
polymicrobial infections with endogenous flora
or rarely STIs
what does bacterial vaginosis (BV) commonly cause?
vaginal symptoms:
discharge
irritation
odour
how do labs diagnosis bacterial vaginosis (BV)?
based on vaginal pH > 4.5
a pungent odour with KOH (whiff test)
presencec of clue cells on wet mount lacking many PNMs
what is bacterial vagionosis (BV) postulated to result from?
from a synergistic infection involving the overgrowth of normal flora including Gardnerella vaginalis
what are symptoms of vulvo-vaginitis and cervicitis?
vaginal discharge odour itch dyspareunia soreness
what are examples of infections of the female pelvis?
pregnancy related
pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)
what are pregnancy related infections of the female pelvis?
chorioamnionitis post-partum endometriosis episiotomy infections puerperal ovarian vein thrombophlebitis osteomyelitis pubis
what are examples of infections relating to the male reproductive system?
prostatitis
epididymitis
orchitis (testes)
what are examples of prostatitis?
acute bacterial prostatitis
chronic bacterial prostatitis
chronic pelvic pain syndrome
what are examples of epididymitis?
non-specific bacterial epididymitis
sexually transmitted epididymitis
what are examples of orchitis?
viral (mumps, coxsackie B) orchitis
pyogenic bacterial orchitis
