WBC Disorders (Exam 3)

Question 1

Infections Mononucleosis

Answer 1

-Self-limiting lymphoproliferative disorder

-Infection of B lymphocytes

-Caused by Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)

-Most prevalent in adolescence/ young adults

-Transmitted through saliva and other bodily fluids

Question 2

Mone: Pathogenesis and Onset

Answer 2

-Atypical lymphocyte proliferating

-Insidious: Incubation 4-8 weeks

Question 3

Infectious Mononucleosis: Clinical manifestations

Answer 3

-Lymphadenophaty, hepatitis, splennomegaly

-WBC increased (12-18,000) (95% lymphocytes)

-Acute phase: 2-3 weeks

-Some degree of debility/lethargy: 2-3 months

-Treatment: Symptomatic and Supportive

Question 4

Myelodysplastic Syndrome

Answer 4

-Group of related hematologic disorders characterized by a change in the quanity/quaility of bone marrow elements

-Bone marrow failure disorder

-Affects older adults (> 65)

Question 5

Myelodyplasitc: Clinical Manifestations

Answer 5

-Cytopenias (Low blood counts of all types)

Anemia, bleeding, bruising

Question 6

Myolodysplastic Syndrome: Etiology

Answer 6

Maybe environmental like chemo and radiation

Question 7

Myelodysplastic: Diagnose and Treatment

Answer 7

-Laboratory and bone marrow biopsy

-Depends on disease severity-supportive. Chemo or bone marrow transplant

Question 8

Leukemieas

Answer 8

Malignant neoplasms of cells originally derived from single hematopiotc cell line

Question 9

Leukemic Cells:

Answer 9

-Immature and unregulatred

-Proliferate in bone marrow

-Circulate in blood

-Infiltrate spleen and lymph nodes

Question 10

Leukemia Classifications

Answer 10

-Classified according to their predominant cell type (Lymphocytic or myelocytic) and whether the condition is acute or chronic

1. Acute lymphocytic Leukemia (ALL)
2. Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL)
3. Acute myelocytic Leukemia (AML)
4. Chornic myelocytic leukemia (CML)

Question 11

Most common childhood leukemia

Answer 11

Acute lymphocytic Leukemia

Question 12

Most common leukemia in older adults

Answer 12

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia

Question 13

Leukemia: Causes

Answer 13

-Unknown; increased exposure to radiations; some viruses

Question 14

Pahtogenesis– Leukemic cells:

Answer 14

-Are an immature type of WBC

-Capable of increased rate of proliferation/have prolonged life span

-Cannot perform function of mature leukocytes– are ineffective as phagocytes

-Interfere with matruation of normal bone marrow cells (including RBC and platelets)

Question 15

Acute Leukemia

Answer 15

-Sudden and stormy onset

-S/S related to decreased (mature) WBC, decreased RBC, decreased platelets

ALL–> 80% childhood acute leukemias (71% 5 year survival rate)

AML –> chiefly an adult disease (29.4% 5-years survival rate)

Question 16

Acute Leukemia: S/S

Answer 16

-Pain coming from nowhere

-Bruising and unexplained

Question 17

Chronic Leukemia:

Answer 17

-More insidious onset

-Discovered during a routine medical exam by a blood count

Question 18

CLL

Answer 18

Older adults (88.2% 5 year survival rate)

Relatively mature lymphocytes that are immunologically incompetent

-Fatigue, wt loss, anorexia, infections

Question 19

CML

Answer 19

Adults and Children (69.7 % survival rate)

-Leukocytosis with immature cell types (presents with increased granulocyte count)

-Fatigue, wt loss, diaphoresis, bleeding, abdominal discomfort

Question 20

Leukemia Treatment

Answer 20

-Goal is to attain remission

-Cytotoxic chemotherapy

-Stem Cell transplant

-Risks (infection, rejection, relapse)

Question 21

Malignant Lymphomas

Answer 21

-Neoplasms of cells derived from lymphoid tissue
-Hodgkin disease
-Non-hodgkin disease

Question 22

Hodgkin Disease

Answer 22

-Characterized by painless, progressive rubbery enlargement of single node or group of nodes usually in neck area

Question 23

Reed-Stenberg Cell

Answer 23

-Distinctive tumor cell found with lymph biopsy in hodgkin disease

Question 24

Hodgkin Disease: Diagnosis

Answer 24

Peripheral blood analysis, lymph node biopsy, bone marrow exam, radiographic evolution

Question 25

Hodgkin Disease: Interacting factors

Answer 25

-Epstein barr Virus, genetic predisposition, exporuse to toxins

Question 26

Hodgkin Disease: CM

Answer 26

Insidious onset; painless enlarge lymph nodes and other nonspecific symptoms

Question 27

Hodgkin Disease: Treatment

Answer 27

-Chemotherapy
-Radiation
-Stem cell transplant

Question 28

Non-Hodgkin Disease

Answer 28

-Neoplastic disorder of lymphoid tissue

-Spreads early–> liver, spleen, and bone marrow

-Majority of patients have widely spread by time of being diagnosed

Question 29

Non-hodgkin: CM and diagnoses

Answer 29

painless lymph node enlargment and non-specfic symptoms

Diagnosis: Similar to hodgkin lymphoma; Increased extranodal sites

Question 30

Non-Hodgkin: Treatment

Answer 30

chemo
Radation
Stem cell

Question 31

Multiple Myeloma

Answer 31

-Plasma cell cancer (B cells)

-Atypical proliferation of one immunoglobulins “m protein”

-Unable to maintain humoral immunity

-Bone pain/facture and impaired production of RBC and WBC

Watch the lecture for this

Question 32

Watch slide for multiple myeloma