WBC Disorders (Exam 3) Flashcards

1
Q

Infections Mononucleosis

A

-Self-limiting lymphoproliferative disorder

-Infection of B lymphocytes

-Caused by Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)

-Most prevalent in adolescence/ young adults

-Transmitted through saliva and other bodily fluids

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2
Q

Mon0: Pathogenesis and Onset

A

-Atypical lymphocyte proliferating

-Insidious: Incubation 4-8 weeks

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3
Q

Infectious Mononucleosis: Clinical manifestations

A

-Lymphadenophaty, hepatitis, splennomegaly

-Increased lymphocytes

-Acute phase: 2-3 weeks

-Some degree of debility/lethargy: 2-3 months

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4
Q

Myelodysplastic Syndrome

A

-Group of related hematologic disorders characterized by a change in the quanity/quaility of bone marrow elements

-Bone marrow failure disorder

-Affects older adults (> 65)

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5
Q

Myelodyplasitc: Clinical Manifestations

A

-Cytopenias (Low blood counts of all types)

Anemia, bleeding, bruising

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6
Q

Myolodysplastic Syndrome: Etiology

A

Maybe environmental like chemo and radiation

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7
Q

Myelodysplastic: Diagnose and Treatment

A

-Laboratory and bone marrow biopsy

-Depends on disease severity-supportive. Chemo or bone marrow transplant

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8
Q

Leukemieas

A

Malignant neoplasms of cells originally derived from single hematopiotc cell line

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9
Q

Leukemic Cells:

A

-Immature and unregulatred

-Proliferate in bone marrow

-Circulate in blood

-Infiltrate spleen and lymph nodes

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10
Q

Leukemia Classifications

A

-Classified according to their predominant cell type (Lymphocytic or myelocytic) and whether the condition is acute or chronic

  1. Acute lymphocytic Leukemia (ALL)
  2. Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL)
  3. Acute myelocytic Leukemia (AML)
  4. Chornic myelocytic leukemia (CML)
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11
Q

Most common childhood leukemia

A

Acute lymphocytic Leukemia

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12
Q

Most common leukemia in older adults

A

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia

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13
Q

Leukemia: Causes

A

-Unknown; increased exposure to radiations; some viruses

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14
Q

Pahtogenesis– Leukemic cells:

A

-Are an immature type of WBC

-Capable of increased rate of proliferation/have prolonged life span

-Cannot perform function of mature leukocytes– are ineffective as phagocytes

-Interfere with matruation of normal bone marrow cells (including RBC and platelets)

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15
Q

Acute Leukemia

A

-Sudden and stormy onset

-S/S related to decreased (mature) WBC, decreased RBC, decreased platelets

ALL–> 80% childhood acute leukemias (71% 5 year survival rate)

AML –> chiefly an adult disease (29.4% 5-years survival rate)

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16
Q

Acute Leukemia: S/S

A

-Pain coming from nowhere

-Bruising and unexplained

17
Q

Chronic Leukemia:

A

-More insidious onset

-Discovered during a routine medical exam by a blood count

18
Q

CLL

A

Older adults (88.2% 5 year survival rate)

Relatively mature lymphocytes that are immunologically incompetent

-Fatigue, wt loss, anorexia, infections

19
Q

CML

A

Adults and Children (69.7 % survival rate)

-Leukocytosis with immature cell types (presents with increased granulocyte count)

-Fatigue, wt loss, diaphoresis, bleeding, abdominal discomfort

20
Q

Leukemia Treatment

A

-Goal is to attain remission

-Cytotoxic chemotherapy

-Stem Cell transplant

-Risks (infection, rejection, relapse)

21
Q

Malignant Lymphomas

A

-Neoplasms of cells derived from lymphoid tissue
-Hodgkin disease
-Non-hodgkin disease

22
Q

Hodgkin Disease

A

-Characterized by painless, progressive rubbery enlargement of single node or group of nodes usually in neck area

23
Q

Reed-Stenberg Cell

A

-Distinctive tumor cell found with lymph biopsy in hodgkin disease

24
Q

Hodgkin Disease: Diagnosis

A

Peripheral blood analysis, lymph node biopsy, bone marrow exam, radiographic evolution

25
Q

Hodgkin Disease: Interacting factors

A

-Epstein barr Virus, genetic predisposition, exporuse to toxins

26
Q

Hodgkin Disease: CM

A

Insidious onset; painless enlarge lymph nodes and other nonspecific symptoms

27
Q

Hodgkin Disease: Treatment

A

-Chemotherapy
-Radiation
-Stem cell transplant

28
Q

Non-Hodgkin Disease

A

-Neoplastic disorder of lymphoid tissue

-Spreads early–> liver, spleen, and bone marrow

-Majority of patients have widely spread by time of being diagnosed

29
Q

Non-hodgkin: CM and diagnoses

A

painless lymph node enlargment and non-specfic symptoms

Diagnosis: Similar to hodgkin lymphoma; Increased extranodal sites

30
Q

Non-Hodgkin: Treatment

A

chemo
Radation
Stem cell

31
Q

Multiple Myeloma

A

-Plasma cell cancer (B cells)

-Atypical proliferation of one immunoglobulins “m protein”

-Unable to maintain humoral immunity

-Bone pain/facture and impaired production of RBC and WBC

Watch the lecture for this

32
Q

Watch slide for multiple myeloma

A