Coagulation Cascade (Final)

Question 1

What are the two parts of blood?

Answer 1

Plasma

Formed elements

Question 2

Plasma

Answer 2

55% of blood

Mainly water

Albumin and other things

Question 3

Formed Elements

Answer 3

45% of our blood

All of our blood cells

Platlets, Leukocytes, and erythociytes

Question 4

Plasma Proteins

Answer 4

Albumin and globulins

Question 5

Albumin

Answer 5

Found in plasma and is a carrier molecule

Most important role is regulation of water and solutes through capillaries (oncotic pressure)

Question 6

Globulins

Answer 6

Found in plasma

HDLS
Prothrombin
Proteins that transport hormones

Question 7

What is the most plentiful clotting factor?

Answer 7

-Fibrinogen

Question 8

Most clotting proteins are produced where?

Answer 8

In the liver

Question 9

Where are electrolytes contained?

Answer 9

In the plasma

Question 10

Serum is what?

Answer 10

Plasma without the clotting factor

Question 11

Serum + Clotting factor =

Answer 11

Plasma

Question 12

Cell Components of blood

Answer 12

Erythrocytes

Leukocytes

Neutrophil

Eisinophil

Basophil

Monocyte (macrophage)

Lymphocyte

Natural killer cells

Platelet

Question 13

Platlets

Answer 13

-NOT true cells

-Contain cytoplasmic granules which can release adhesive proteins, coagulation, and growth factors when they sense a vess injury

-A-nuclear (no nucleus)

Question 14

Normal platelet count is

Answer 14

150,000-400,000

-Thombocytopenia = <100,000

Question 15

Someone who is thrombocytopenic is at high risk for what?

Answer 15

-Bleeding

Question 16

Where are platelets made? and where are additional platelets stored?

Answer 16

The are made in the bone marrow and stored in the spleen

Question 17

Platelet Function

Answer 17

-Initially circulate freely in unactivated state (Un activated state)

Question 18

Platelet Function: Damage to the blood vessel

Answer 18

Initiates platelet Activation

1. Increased platelet adhesion (Vessel wall injury site) (Turns to dengritct forum)
2. Activation leading to platelet degranulation
3. Aggregation as platelet-vascular wall and platelet-platelet adherence increases
4. Activation of the clotting system

Question 19

Clotting Cascade

Answer 19

-Groups of proteins taht when activated form a blood clot

-Activated by tissue injury or infection

-Platelets activate this process then fibrin joins

Question 20

What is the end goal of the clotting cascade?

Answer 20

Blood clot = meshwork of fibrin strands and platelets

Stops bleeding (Hemostasis)

Question 21

Coagulation Cascade on Canvas (Stop at 13:30) (Will be tested on)

Question 22

The initial plug is caused by what?

Answer 22

Platelets but they are not strong enough so they need fibrin strands

Question 23

What is fibrin made up of?

Answer 23

Fibrin molecules and proteins that come together to form a polymer. Join end to end to create fibrin strand

Question 24

i

Question 25

What is the fibrin plus the extra piece called?

Answer 25

Fibrinogen

Needs to be converted in order join a strand

Question 26

How does your body know to convert fibrinogen to fibrin at the site of injury?

Answer 26

Your body uses thrombin because it is more efficient

Question 27

Thrombin comes from

Answer 27

Prothrombin which is an inactivated form (Has piece on the end)

Question 28

Intrinsic and Extrinsic Clotting Pathways KHAN academy

Question 29

Intrinsic Pathway of clotting cascade

Answer 29

XII
XI
IX + VIII
X + V

II (Thrombin)
I (Fibrin)

Twelve is not actually becoming 11 and 11 is not actually becoming 9.

What is happening is twelve when activated is a catalyst to convert 11 into it’s activated form….and so on

This is an amplifications sequence. The amount of each increases as it goes down the cascade

Question 30

Extrinsic pathway of clotting cascade

Answer 30

III (Tissue factor)
VII
X + V

II (Thrombin)
I (Fibrin)

Question 31

What is the difference between the two clotting pathways

Answer 31

-The extrinsic pathway is the spark!!!! (Activated by original insult)

-The intrinsic pathway is the work horse (Get’s most the coagulation done)

Question 32

How is the extrinsic pathway the spark the cascade

Answer 32

It shoots in to start at 10 to start the activate thrombin.

Thrombin then starts the intrinsic cascade by start 5 7 8 11 13

Question 33

What is the end goal of the Extrinsic and Intrinsic cascade

Answer 33

To get the fibrin molecules and fibrin strands

Question 34

What is factor XIII responsible for

Answer 34

Connecting the fibrin strands together.

Question 35

What keeps these pathway from clotting us up whenever there is just a little bit of damage somewhere

Answer 35

-Negative feedback loopsgoverned by thrombin. Thrombin stimulates the production of anti-thrombin

-Also thrombin creates plasmin from plasminogen

Question 36

What breaks the mesh networks of fibrin apart if they are not needed?

Answer 36

Plasmin

Question 37

What does anti-thrombin do?

Answer 37

Decrease the amount of thrombin produced from prothrombin. Impeded the production of X

Question 38

Function of Clotting Factors: Blood Clot

Answer 38

A meshwork of protein strands which stablize the platelet plug and trap other cells

Question 39

Thrombin is most active in what pathway

Answer 39

Intrinsic and is the target of a lot of medications

Question 40

Ways our body can stop the coagulations cascade. STOP THE CLOT

Answer 40

-Anti-thrombin III (AT III) circulating inhibitor of thrombin

-Tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI) inhibits factor Xa but stoping the activation of III (TF) which is the extrinsic spark pathway

Question 41

How does the clot go away?

Answer 41

-Lysis = Breakdown

-Breakdown carried out by the fibrinolytic system

-t-PA (Tissue plasminogen activator)

-t-PA turns plasminogen into plasmin. Plasmin breaks down fibrin.

-u-PA also activates plasminogen into plasmin

CLOT BUSTING