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NUR 325 PATHO > Coagulation Cascade (Final) > Flashcards

Coagulation Cascade (Final) Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two parts of blood?

A

Plasma

Formed elements

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2
Q

Plasma

A

55% of blood

Mainly water

Albumin and other things

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3
Q

Formed Elements

A

45% of our blood

All of our blood cells

Platlets, Leukocytes, and erythociytes

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4
Q

Plasma Proteins

A

Albumin and globulins

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5
Q

Albumin

A

Found in plasma and is a carrier molecule

Most important role is regulation of water and solutes through capillaries (oncotic pressure)

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6
Q

Globulins

A

Found in plasma

HDLS
Prothrombin
Proteins that transport hormones

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7
Q

What is the most plentiful clotting factor?

A

-Fibrinogen

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8
Q

Most clotting proteins are produced where?

A

In the liver

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9
Q

Where are electrolytes contained?

A

In the plasma

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10
Q

Serum is what?

A

Plasma without the clotting factor

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11
Q

Serum + Clotting factor =

A

Plasma

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12
Q

Cell Components of blood

A

Erythrocytes

Leukocytes

Neutrophil

Eisinophil

Basophil

Monocyte (macrophage)

Lymphocyte

Natural killer cells

Platelet

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13
Q

Platlets

A

-NOT true cells

-Contain cytoplasmic granules which can release adhesive proteins, coagulation, and growth factors when they sense a vess injury

-A-nuclear (no nucleus)

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14
Q

Normal platelet count is

A

150,000-400,000

-Thombocytopenia = <100,000

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15
Q

Someone who is thrombocytopenic is at high risk for what?

A

-Bleeding

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16
Q

Where are platelets made? and where are additional platelets stored?

A

The are made in the bone marrow and stored in the spleen

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17
Q

Platelet Function

A

-Initially circulate freely in unactivated state (Un activated state)

18
Q

Platelet Function: Damage to the blood vessel

A

Initiates platelet Activation

  1. Increased platelet adhesion (Vessel wall injury site) (Turns to dengritct forum)
  2. Activation leading to platelet degranulation
  3. Aggregation as platelet-vascular wall and platelet-platelet adherence increases
  4. Activation of the clotting system
19
Q

Clotting Cascade

A

-Groups of proteins taht when activated form a blood clot

-Activated by tissue injury or infection

-Platelets activate this process then fibrin joins

20
Q

What is the end goal of the clotting cascade?

A

Blood clot = meshwork of fibrin strands and platelets

Stops bleeding (Hemostasis)

21
Q

Coagulation Cascade on Canvas (Stop at 13:30) (Will be tested on)

A
22
Q

The initial plug is caused by what?

A

Platelets but they are not strong enough so they need fibrin strands

23
Q

What is fibrin made up of?

A

Fibrin molecules and proteins that come together to form a polymer. Join end to end to create fibrin strand

24
Q

How do make sure that the fibrin unit only join together and make a strand at the site of the injury?

A

YOU CAN’T

That is why no fibrin is circulating in your blood

You have fibrin plus a extra piece that does not allow it to clot

25
Q

What is the fibrin plus the extra piece called?

A

Fibrinogen

Needs to be converted in order join a strand

26
Q

How does your body know to convert fibrinogen to fibrin at the site of injury?

A

During injury your blood is exposed to knew proteins. These knew proteins can convert fibrinogen to fibrin (this is not what your body actually does)

Your body instead uses thrombin because it is more efficient

27
Q

Thrombin comes from

A

Prothrombin which is an inactivated form (Has piece on the end)

28
Q

Intrinsic and Extrinsic Clotting Pathways KHAN academy

A
29
Q

Intrinsic Pathway of clotting cascade

A

XII
XI
IX + VIII
X + V

II (Thrombin)
I (Fibrin)

Twelve is not actually becoming 11 and 11 is not actually becoming 9.

What is happening is twelve when activated is a catalyst to convert 11 into it’s activated form….and so on

This is an amplifications sequence. The amount of each increases as it goes down the cascade

30
Q

Extrinsic pathway of clotting cascade

A

III (Tissue factor)
VII
X + V

II (Thrombin)
I (Fibrin)

31
Q

What is the difference between the two clotting pathways

A

-The extrinsic pathway is the spark!!!! (Activated by original insult)

-The intrinsic pathway is the work horse (Get’s most the coagulation done)

32
Q

How is the extrinsic pathway the spark the cascade

A

It shoots in to start at 10 to start the activate thrombin.

Thrombin then starts the intrinsic cascade by start 5 7 8 11 13

33
Q

What is the end goal of the Extrinsic and Intrinsic cascade

A

To get the fibrin molecules and fibrin strands

34
Q

What is factor XIII responsible for

A

Connecting the fibrin strands together.

35
Q

What keeps these pathway from clotting us up whenever there is just a little bit of damage somewhere

A

-Negative feedback loopsgoverned by thrombin. Thrombin stimulates the production of anti-thrombin

-Also thrombin creates plasmin from plasminogen

36
Q

What breaks the mesh networks of fibrin apart if they are not needed?

A

Plasmin

37
Q

What does anti-thrombin do?

A

Decrease the amount of thrombin produced from prothrombin. Impeded the production of X

38
Q

Function of Clotting Factors: Blood Clot

A

A meshwork of protein strands which stablize the platelet plug and trap other cells

39
Q

Thrombin is most active in what pathway

A

Intrinsic and is the target of a lot of medications

40
Q

Ways our body can stop the coagulations cascade. STOP THE CLOT

A

-Anti-thrombin III (AT III) circulating inhibitor of thrombin

-Tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI) inhibits factor Xa but stoping the activation of III (TF) which is the extrinsic spark pathway

41
Q

How does the clot go away?

A

-Lysis = Breakdown

-Breakdown carried out by the fibrinolytic system

-t-PA (Tissue plasminogen activator)

-t-PA turns plasminogen into plasmin. Plasmin breaks down fibrin.

-u-PA also activates plasminogen into plasmin

CLOT BUSTING

NUR 325 PATHO (35 decks)

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