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NUR 325 PATHO > Exam 3 Drugs > Flashcards

Exam 3 Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

Sodium Bicarbonate

A

Used to treat hyponatremia

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2
Q

Sodium Bicarbonate: MOA

A

Dissociates to provide bicarbonate ion which neutralizes ion concentration and raises blood and urinary pH

Increases concentration of sodium in plasma

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3
Q

Sodium Bicarbonate: Indications

A

Metabolic acidoses

Hyponatremia

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4
Q

Sodium Bicarbonate: Adverse Reactions

A

-Edema

-Cerebral Hemorrhage

-Hypernatremia

-Metbaolic alkalosis

-Tetany

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5
Q

Sodium Bicarbonate: Nursing Considerations

A

-Vesicant at high concentrations (DO NOT GIVE IV FOR hyponatremia)

-Telemetry and ABG

-Give before meals if PO

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6
Q

KCL

A

Potassium chloride

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7
Q

Potassium Chloride: Indications

A

-Treat/Prevent K depletions when dietary measures prove inadequate

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8
Q

Potassium Chloride: Adverse reactions

A

-GI - Ulcer bleeds

-Ventricular Fibrillation

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9
Q

Potassium Chloride: Nursing considerations

A

-Dilute Oral Liquids because of fowl taste

-Give IV through central line. Always give IV diluted and administered slowly

-Contraindicated in patients with renal failure

-NEVER PUSH K

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10
Q

Sodium Plystyrene Sulfonate: Class

A

Cation exchange resin

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11
Q

Sodium Plystyrene Sulfonate: MOA

A

Binds to potassium in the digestive tract replacing potassium ions for sodium ions. Potential to drop K by 0.5-1.0 meq/L in 4-6H

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12
Q

Sodium polystyrene sulfonate: Indications

A

To treat high levels of potassium in the blood (hyperkalemia)

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13
Q

Sodium polystyrene sulfonate: Adverse reactions

A

-Constipation, diarrhea, /V, hypokalemia

-INTESTINAL OBSTRUCTION AND INTESTINAL NECROSIS

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14
Q

Sodium polystyrene sulfonate: Nursing Considerations

A

-ONLY use in patients with normal bowel function

-Makes patients POOP

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15
Q

D50/Insulin: MOA

A

-This combo shifts potassium into the cell temporarily

-Insulin shifts the potassium and D50 is to prevent hypoglycemia

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16
Q

D50/Insulin: Indications

A

-Urgent or Emergent situations. Cardiac dysrhythmias as a result of hyperkalemia

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17
Q

D50/insulin: Nursing considerations

A

-Usually give 1 units of regular insulin and 1 ampule of D50

-Check blood sugar 5 min after giving

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18
Q

Magnesium Sulfate and Magnesium Oxide: MOA

A

Replaces Magnesium

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19
Q

MS and MO: Indications

A

-Hypomag

-prevent/treat seizures in pre-eclampsia

–treat cardiac rhythm disturbances

-[contstipation] (PO)

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20
Q

MO and MS: Adverse Reactions

A

Hypermag:
-Confusion
-Sluggish
-Slow movements
-SOA
-Nausea
-Dizzy

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21
Q

MS and MO: Nursing considerations

A

-Can burn when given IV

-Magnesium oxide = antacid, can be given for long-term low magnesium

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22
Q

Calcium Chloride and Gluconate

A

-Used for Hypocalcemia

-Preferred through central line

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23
Q

Calcium Carbonate

A

-Tums

-PO for hypocal

-May need to give with Vit D

24
Q

Amphotericin B: Class

A

Polyene

25
Q

Amphotericin B: MOA

A

-Binds to ergosterol in fungal cell membranes and causes them to become leaky and destroys cell wall of fungus

26
Q

Amphotericin B: Indications

A

-Treatment of serve systemic mycoses

27
Q

Amphotericin B: Adverse Reactions

A

-Very hard on kidneys

28
Q

Amphotericin B: Nursing Consideration

A

-HIGH ALERT DRUG: IV administration has been diluted and infused slowly. A lot of side effects

-Patient must be on telemetry

-Given over a long period of time (Several months)

-Synergistic effect when given with flucytosine (can increase dose)

-Monitor BUN and creatinine

-Pre-treatment: Diphenhydramine, acetaminophen, or aspirin may decrease infusion symptoms

29
Q

Flucytosine: Class

A

Pyrimidine

30
Q

Flucytosine: MOA

A

-Inhibits fungal DNA synthesis

31
Q

Flucytosine: Indications

A

-Allows for a lower dose of Ampho B to be used

-Helps decrease SE related to amphotericin

-Rarly given alone

32
Q

Fluconazole: MOA

A

-Interrupting the integrity of the cell wall by interfering with synthesis of ergosterol

33
Q

Fluconazole: Class

A

Azole

34
Q

AZOLE: Indications

A

Used for BOTH superficial (skin) and less serious systemic fungal infections (pulmonary)

35
Q

AZOLE: Adverse reaction

A

-Topical: Redness burning itching

-Systematic: SEVERE GI upset and Liver toxicity

36
Q

AZOLE: Nursing consideration

A

-Take with food to minimize SE. For oral separate at least 2 hours from antacids and drugs that decrease stomach acid (TUMS AND PPI’s) (Need acidity)

37
Q

Fluconazole: Nursing Consideration

A

-DO NOT MIX IV FLUCON WITH ANY OTHER MEDS

-Monitor COAG labs with patients on warfarin

-Watch for hypoglycemia for patients with sulfonylureas

-Increases Haldol and Dilantin levels

38
Q

Fluconazole: Disadvantages

A

Disadvantages: Narrow spectrum, MANY drug interaction (CYP 450) pathway

Does not work for a lot of mycosis

39
Q

Fluconazole: Advantages

A

Advantages: Rapidly and completely absorbed when given orally – able to reach bones, CNS, eyes, respiratory and urinary tracts

40
Q

Grisefulvin: Class

A

Antifungal

41
Q

Grisefulvin: MOA

A

-Inhibits fungal mitosis: Binds to KERATIN and does not let cell replicate

42
Q

Grisefulvin: Indications

A

-Treat resistant dermatophyte infection of scalp, skin, and nails

43
Q

Grisefulvin: Adverse Reactions

A

-Bone marrow suppression

-Rash

-CNS changes

-NVD

-Anorexia

44
Q

Filgrastim: Class

A

Granulocyte Colony Stimulating Factors

45
Q

Filgastrim: MOA

A

-Promotes proliferation, differentiation, activation of cell that make granulocytes

46
Q

Filgastrim: Indications

A

-Malignancies

-Chemo-induced leukopenia

-bone marrow transplant

-harvesting of hematopoietic stem cells

-chronic neutropenia

47
Q

Filgastrim: Adverse Reaction

A

Bone Pain and Leukocytosis

48
Q

Filgrastim: Nursing Consideration

A
49
Q

Pegfilgrastim: Class

A

Granuloctye Colony Stimulation Factors

50
Q

Pegfilgrastrim: Indications

A

-Increased production of neutrophils

51
Q

Pegfil: Adverse reaction

A

Bone pain

52
Q

Pegfil: Nursing consideration

A

-Long-acting derivative of filgrastim

-Half-life increased to 17 hours. Delayed excretion by the kidneys = pegylated

53
Q

Filgastrim vs Pegfilgastrim

A

Fil is for everyone

Peg only loves neutro

54
Q

Nystatin: Class

A

Polyenes

55
Q

Nystatin: Indications

A

Treatment of superficial candida infections of mouth, oral mucosa, vagina and skin

56
Q

Do you give Nystatin IV?

A

No it is to toxic

57
Q

Nystatin: Adverse Reactions

A

-Not many superficially

-NVD orally

NUR 325 PATHO (44 decks)

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