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NUR 325 PATHO > Exam 3 Drugs > Flashcards

Exam 3 Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

Sodium Bicarbonate

A

Used to treat hyponatremia

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2
Q

Sodium Bicarbonate: MOA

A

Dissociates to provide bicarbonate ion which neutralizes ion concentration and raises blood and urinary pH

Increases concentration of sodium in plasma

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3
Q

Sodium Bicarbonate: Indications

A

Metabolic acidoses

Hyponatremia

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4
Q

Sodium Bicarbonate: Adverse Reactions

A

-Edema

-Cerebral Hemorrhage

-Hypernatremia

-Metbaolic alkalosis

-Tetany

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5
Q

Sodium Bicarbonate: Nursing Considerations

A

-Vesicant at high concentrations (DO NOT GIVE IV FOR hyponatremia)

-Telemetry and ABG

-Give before meals if PO

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6
Q

KCL

A

Potassium chloride

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7
Q

Potassium Chloride: Indications

A

-Treat/Prevent K depletions when dietary measures prove inadequate

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8
Q

Potassium Chloride: Adverse reactions

A

-GI - Ulcer bleeds

-Ventricular Fibrillation

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9
Q

Potassium Chloride: Nursing considerations

A

-Dilute Oral Liquids because of fowl taste

-Give IV through central line. Always give IV diluted and administered slowly

-Contraindicated in patients with renal failure

-NEVER PUSH K

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10
Q

Sodium Plystyrene Sulfonate: Class

A

Cation exchange resin

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11
Q

Sodium Plystyrene Sulfonate: MOA

A

Binds to potassium in the digestive tract replacing potassium ions for sodium ions. Potential to drop K by 0.5-1.0 meq/L in 4-6H

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12
Q

Sodium polystyrene sulfonate: Indications

A

To treat high levels of potassium in the blood (hyperkalemia)

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13
Q

Sodium polystyrene sulfonate: Adverse reactions

A

-Constipation, diarrhea, /V, hypokalemia

-INTESTINAL OBSTRUCTION AND INTESTINAL NECROSIS

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14
Q

Sodium polystyrene sulfonate: Nursing Considerations

A

-ONLY use in patients with normal bowel function

-Makes patients POOP

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15
Q

D50/Insulin: MOA

A

-This combo shifts potassium into the cell temporarily

-Insulin shifts the potassium and D50 is to prevent hypoglycemia

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16
Q

D50/Insulin: Indications

A

-Urgent or Emergent situations. Cardiac dysrhythmias as a result of hyperkalemia

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17
Q

D50/insulin: Nursing considerations

A

-Usually give 1 units of regular insulin and 1 ampule of D50

-Check blood sugar 5 min after giving

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18
Q

Magnesium Sulfate and Magnesium Oxide: MOA

A

Replaces Magnesium

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19
Q

MS and MO: Indications

A

-Hypomag

-prevent/treat seizures in pre-eclampsia

–treat cardiac rhythm disturbances

-[contstipation] (PO)

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20
Q

MO and MS: Adverse Reactions

A

Hypermag:
-Confusion
-Sluggish
-Slow movements
-SOA
-Nausea
-Dizzy

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21
Q

MS and MO: Nursing considerations

A

-Can burn when given IV

-Magnesium oxide = antacid, can be given for long-term low magnesium

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22
Q

Calcium Chloride and Gluconate

A

-Used for Hypocalcemia

-Preferred through central line

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23
Q

Calcium Carbonate

A

-Tums

-PO for hypocal

-May need to give with Vit D

24
Q

Amphotericin B: Class

25
Amphotericin B: MOA
-Binds to ergosterol in fungal cell membranes and causes them to become leaky and destroys cell wall of fungus
26
Amphotericin B: Indications
-Treatment of serve systemic mycoses
27
Amphotericin B: Adverse Reactions
-Very hard on kidneys
28
Amphotericin B: Nursing Consideration
-HIGH ALERT DRUG: IV administration has been diluted and infused slowly. A lot of side effects -Patient must be on telemetry -Given over a long period of time (Several months) -Synergistic effect when given with flucytosine (can increase dose) -Monitor BUN and creatinine -Pre-treatment: Diphenhydramine, acetaminophen, or aspirin may decrease infusion symptoms
29
Flucytosine: Class
Pyrimidine
30
Flucytosine: MOA
-Inhibits fungal DNA synthesis
31
Flucytosine: Indications
-Allows for a lower dose of Ampho B to be used -Helps decrease SE related to amphotericin -Rarly given alone
32
Fluconazole: MOA
-Interrupting the integrity of the cell wall by interfering with synthesis of ergosterol
33
Fluconazole: Class
Azole
34
AZOLE: Indications
Used for BOTH superficial (skin) and less serious systemic fungal infections (pulmonary)
35
AZOLE: Adverse reaction
-Topical: Redness burning itching -Systematic: SEVERE GI upset and Liver toxicity
36
AZOLE: Nursing consideration
-Take with food to minimize SE. For oral separate at least 2 hours from antacids and drugs that decrease stomach acid (TUMS AND PPI’s) (Need acidity)
37
Fluconazole: Nursing Consideration
-DO NOT MIX IV FLUCON WITH ANY OTHER MEDS -Monitor COAG labs with patients on warfarin -Watch for hypoglycemia for patients with sulfonylureas -Increases Haldol and Dilantin levels
38
Fluconazole: Disadvantages
Disadvantages: Narrow spectrum, MANY drug interaction (CYP 450) pathway Does not work for a lot of mycosis
39
Fluconazole: Advantages
Advantages: Rapidly and completely absorbed when given orally – able to reach bones, CNS, eyes, respiratory and urinary tracts
40
Grisefulvin: Class
Antifungal
41
Grisefulvin: MOA
-Inhibits fungal mitosis: Binds to KERATIN and does not let cell replicate
42
Grisefulvin: Indications
-Treat resistant dermatophyte infection of scalp, skin, and nails
43
Grisefulvin: Adverse Reactions
-Bone marrow suppression -Rash -CNS changes -NVD -Anorexia
44
Filgrastim: Class
Granulocyte Colony Stimulating Factors
45
Filgastrim: MOA
-Promotes proliferation, differentiation, activation of cell that make granulocytes
46
Filgastrim: Indications
-Malignancies -Chemo-induced leukopenia -bone marrow transplant -harvesting of hematopoietic stem cells -chronic neutropenia
47
Filgastrim: Adverse Reaction
Bone Pain and Leukocytosis
48
Filgrastim: Nursing Consideration
49
Pegfilgrastim: Class
Granuloctye Colony Stimulation Factors
50
Pegfilgrastrim: Indications
-Increased production of neutrophils
51
Pegfil: Adverse reaction
Bone pain
52
Pegfil: Nursing consideration
-Long-acting derivative of filgrastim -Half-life increased to 17 hours. Delayed excretion by the kidneys = pegylated
53
Filgastrim vs Pegfilgastrim
Fil is for everyone Peg only loves neutro
54
Nystatin: Class
Polyenes
55
Nystatin: Indications
Treatment of superficial candida infections of mouth, oral mucosa, vagina and skin
56
Do you give Nystatin IV?
No it is to toxic
57
Nystatin: Adverse Reactions
-Not many superficially -NVD orally

NUR 325 PATHO (44 decks)

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