Depression and Anxiety (Final) Flashcards
Neurotransmitters
-Chemicals that enable neurotransmission
-Travels across the synapse and either blocks or facilitate relay of stimulus
-Problems that arise with neurotransmitters are associated with neurologic and psychiatric disorders
-Over 200 neuortransmitters
4 Major Neurotransmitters
Dopamine
Norepinephrine
Serotonin (5HT)
GABA
What is dopamine responsible for?
Attention
Motivation
Pleasure
Reward
What is serotonin responsible for?
Obsessions and compulsions
Happiness and sleep
What is norepinephrine responsible for?
Alertness and energry
Which neurotransmitters are responsible for mood and anxiety?
Dopamine and Serotonin
What is GABA responsible for?
Relaxation
Serotonin Deficit
Depression and Craving
-Obsessive thoughts
-Compulsive behavior
Increase Impulsivity
-Suicide
-Agression
-Cue Triggers
Dopamine Deficit
Depression and Craving
-Parkinson-Like Symptoms
-Slow reaction
-Anergia (LOE)
-AMNEDONIA (Inability to experience pleasure)
-Pleasure center
-Dysfunction
GABA
-Principle inhibitory neurotransmitter
-GABA dysfunction is associated with anxiety disorders (Panic)
-Recently been connected to major depressive disorder
Noerpinephrine
-Excitatory neurotransmitter associated with fight or flight response
-High levels associated with: anxiety, stress, hyperactivity
-Low levels associated with: Lack of energy, focus, and motivation
Depression: More common
-In women
-White
-Those never been married
Those with depression have greater risk of developing
CAD
Depression: Eitology
-Is caused by a complication of genetic, biological, environmental and psychosocial factors
Diagnosis of depression requires the presences of multiple symptoms that are intense enough to cause distress and to
Persistently impair psychosocial functioning
Depressive Symptoms
-Loss of interest or pleasure
-Fatigue
-Restlessness and irritabile
-Impaired concentration
-Low self-esteem
-Negative thinking
-Sleep disturbances
-Appetite disturbances
Depression Treatment
-Medications (most important thing is telling patients that i takes WEEKS for these medications to start working, so keep with it
-Psychotherapy-Talk therapy
-Psychoeduction and support groups
-Brain stimulation therapy
-Works best when all of these are combined together in some way that best fits the patients needs
Anxiety: Panic Disorder two important psychological symptoms
Anticipatory anxiety: Fearful expectation of panic anxiety onset
Avoidance anxiety: Personal strategies used to increase feeling of control and decrease the risk of panic anxiety
Panic Disorder: Etiology
-Biopsychological and Physiologic
Genetics and family history
Early childhood stress linked to adult onset anxiety disorderd
Overwhelming stress can induce circulation stress hormones which stimulates
Glutamate
What is panic?
-Unexpected episodes of reactions that are out of proportion to events going on around patient
-Many (50%) of patients with panic also have depression
-Creates a terrible cycle of panic attacks and anxiety
Panic attacks: What are they and what are the symptoms?
Recurrent uncomfortable episodes with sudden onset with symptoms
-Heart palpitations
-Chest pain
-SOA
-Dizziness
-Nausea
-Fear of Losing control
Treatment of Panic Disorders
-Cognitive Behavioral Therapy
-Anti-dpressants
-SSRI
-SNRI
-TCA
-MAO inhibitors
Benxodiapzepines (Second line)
