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NUR 325 PATHO > Final Exam Drugs PT. 2 > Flashcards

Final Exam Drugs PT. 2 Flashcards

1
Q
A
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2
Q

Bismuth subsalicylate: Class

A

Absorbent (form of aspirin)

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3
Q

Bismuth subsalicylate: MOA

A

-Coats the walls of the GI tract

-Binds to causative agent

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4
Q

Bismuth Subsalicylate: Indications

A

Diarrhea

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5
Q

Bismuth subsalicylate: Adverse Reactions

A

-Increase bleeding

-Dark stools and tongue (bismuth)

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6
Q

Loperamide: Class

A

Antimotility

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7
Q

Loperamide: MOA

A

Slows peristalsis

anti diarrhea

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8
Q

Diphenoxylate: Class

A

-Antimotility

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9
Q

Diphenoxylate: MOA

A

Drying effect due to it being anticholinergics

anti diarrhea

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10
Q

Diphenoxylate: Adverse Reactions

A

Urinary retention

Headache and Dizziness

Bradycardia / Hypotension

Dry skin - Flushing

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11
Q

Diphenoxylate: Nursing consideration

A

-Prescription only because of anticholinergics effects

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12
Q

Lactobacillus and Sccharomyces

A

Probiotics

Help replenish and restore normal flora

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13
Q

What probiotic is used for treatment of C-Diff

A

Saccharomyces Bouldardii

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14
Q

psyllium: class

A

Bulk forming laxative

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15
Q

psyllium: MOA

A

-Similar to fiber

-Absorb water into intestine to increase bulk

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16
Q

psyllium: Indications

A

-Constipation

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17
Q

psyllium: Adverse Reaction

A

-Impaction

-Fluid and Electrolyte imbalance

-Gas formation

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18
Q

Psyllium: Nursing consideration

A

-Okay for long term use

-Take with liberal amounts of water to avoid impaction

-Contraindicated in intestinal obstruction or fecal impaction

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19
Q

Docusate Sodium: Class

A

Emollient

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20
Q

Docusate Sodium: MOA

A

Lubricates fecal material and walls

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21
Q

Docusate sodium: Indications

A

Opioid-induced constipation

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22
Q

Docusate Sodium: Adverse reactions

A

-Skin rash and decrease absorption of vitamins

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23
Q

Mineral Oil: Class

A

Emollient

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24
Q

Mineral Oil: MOA

A

Lubricates the intestines

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25
Q

Mineral Oil: Indications

A

Fecal impaction

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26
Q

Glycerin: Class

A

Hyperosmotic

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27
Q

Glycerin: MOA

A

-Increase water content into the feces

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28
Q

Glycerin: Indicaitons

A

-For children

-Evacuate bowels before diagnostics and surgical procedures

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29
Q

Glycerin: Adverse Effects

A

-Bloating

-Rectal Irritation

-Electrolyte imbalance

30
Q

Magnesiums Salts
+
Sodium Salts

A

Saline laxatives

increase osmotic pressure and draw water into colon

Magnesium toxicity and electrolyte imbalance

Use in cautions with renal or kidney problems

31
Q

Bisacodyl
+
Senna: Class

A

-Stimulant Laxative

32
Q

Bisacodyl
+
Senna: MOA

A

-Work on entire GI tract. More you take more action you will see.

33
Q

Bisacodyl
+
Senna: Indicaitons

A

-Constipations or whole bowel evacuation

34
Q

Bisacodyl
+
Senna: Adverse Effects

A

-Nutrient malabsorption

-Gastric Irritation

-Electrolyte imbalance

-Dependence

35
Q

Bisacodyl
+
Senna: Nursing Considerations

A

Most likely to cause dependence and be abused

36
Q

Epinephrine: Class

A

-Vasopressor

-Bronchodilator

-Anti-athmatic - vasoconstrictor

37
Q

Epinephrine: MOA

A

Inhibits release of mediators from mast cells

38
Q

Epinephrine: Indications

A

-Severe allergic reactions

-Cardiac arrest

-Severe asthma attacks

39
Q

Epinephrine: Adverse Reactions

A

-CV: Angina - Arrhythmias _ HTN - Tachy

-CNS: Nervousness - Restlessness

40
Q

Epinephrine: Nursing considerations

A

Only used in emergency situations

All routes expect PO

Monitor Vital Signs closely

Correct dose is crucial. Overdose can be FATAL. Have coworkers recheck dose.

41
Q

SSRI’s

A

-Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors

42
Q

SSRI: Adverse Effects

A

-Weight gain

-Sexual dysfunction

-RISK OF SUICIDE

43
Q

Serotonin syndrome

A

2-72 hours after treatment, altered mental status, increased occurrence with MAOIs and other serotonergic drugs

44
Q

SSRI: Withdrawal Syndrome

A

-Dizziness, H/A, sensory disturbances, tremor, anxiety, and dysphoria

45
Q

fluexetine: Class

A

SSRI

46
Q

Fluoxetine: Nursing considerations

A

-Several advantages over older drugs. Less food drug and drug drug interactions

-Therapeutic benefit reached in 3-4 weeks

-Avoid use with MAOI

47
Q

venlafazine: Class

A

SRNI’s

48
Q

venlafazine: MOA

A

-Blocks neuronal activity of serotonin and norepinephrine

49
Q

Venlafazine: Adverse effects

A

-Nausea, headache, anorexia, insomnia, somnolence, sexual dysfunction, withdrawal syndrome, sweating, blurred vision, increased LFTs

50
Q

Venlafazine: Nursing considerations

A

Contraindicated with MAOI’s

51
Q

amitriptyline: Class

A

TCA

tricyclic antidepressants

52
Q

Amitriptyline: MOA

A

-Block reuptake of 2 monoamine transmitter, norepinephrine and serotonin (intensify the effects), making more available in the synapse

53
Q

amitriptyline: Adverse reactions

A

-Sedations

-Orthostatic hypotension

-Anticholinergic effects (Hot as a hare, Dry as a bone, Blind as a bate, Mad as a hatter)

54
Q

Amitriptyline: Nursing considerations

A

FATAL OVERDOSE

-Used to treat neuropathic pain

-Drug-drug interactions with MAOI –> HTN crisis

55
Q

phenelzine: Class

A

MAOI’s

56
Q

phenelzine: MOA

A

Inhibits MAO - enzyme found in the liver, intestinal wall, and terminals of neurons

MAO converts norepi, 5-HT, and dopamine to inactive product.

Decrease MAO increases availability of neurotransmitters at the nerve endings

57
Q

phenelzine: Indications

A

-Refractory depression

-Atypical depression

58
Q

phenelzine: adverse effects

A

-LOTS food drug: Tyramine rich foods = HTN issues

-CNS: always on edge

-Orthostatic hypertension

-Can lead to rapid increases in BP - Stroke - Coma

59
Q

MAOI most serious problem

A

Hypertensive crisis when taken with tyramine

60
Q

burprorion: Class

A

Atypical Antidrpessants

61
Q

burprorion: What to know

A

-Unkown MOA

-Depression and Anxiety

-Smoking cessation

-Shorter to reach effects vs other antidepressants

62
Q

Ketamine

A

-Atypical antidepressants

-Rapidly help with suicide and depression and in low doses

-Perceptual disturbances -Dissociation - Halluncinate

K-HOLE

63
Q

Trazadone

A

Atypical antidepressants

Block reuptake of 5-HT

Insomnia (sleep aid)

64
Q

Alprazolam
Diazepam
Lorazepam

Class

A

Benzodiazepines

65
Q

Alprazolam
Diazepam
Lorazepam

MOA

A

Enhance the inhibitory effects of GABA in the CNS

Turns up GABA which is responsible for relaxation

66
Q

Alprazolam
Diazepam
Lorazepam

What to know

A

Short term use only

Break through meds

CNS depression

CYP450

Do not mix with other meds

67
Q

Alprazolam
Diazepam
Lorazepam

Antidote

A

Flumazenil

68
Q

Buprenorphine and naloxone: Class

A

Opioid agonist and Opioid antagonist

69
Q

Buprenorphine and naloxone: MOA

A

-Partial opioid agonist (helps receptor to prevent craving)

-Partial opioid antagonist (blocks opioid receptor)

70
Q

Buprenorphine and naloxone: Nursing considerations

A

-Still has potential for abuse, but less than methadone and buprenorphine alone

-Sublingual and buccal

NUR 325 PATHO (44 decks)

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