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NUR 325 PATHO > Final Exam Drugs PT. 2 > Flashcards

Final Exam Drugs PT. 2 Flashcards

1
Q
A
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2
Q

Bismuth subsalicylate: Class

A

Absorbent (form of aspirin)

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3
Q

Bismuth subsalicylate: MOA

A

-Coats the walls of the GI tract

-Binds to causative agent

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4
Q

Bismuth Subsalicylate: Indications

A

Diarrhea

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5
Q

Bismuth subsalicylate: Adverse Reactions

A

-Increase bleeding

-Dark stools and tongue (bismuth)

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6
Q

Loperamide: Class

A

Antimotility

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7
Q

Loperamide: MOA

A

Slows peristalsis

anti diarrhea

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8
Q

Diphenoxylate: Class

A

-Antimotility

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9
Q

Diphenoxylate: MOA

A

Drying effect due to it being anticholinergics

anti diarrhea

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10
Q

Diphenoxylate: Adverse Reactions

A

Urinary retention

Headache and Dizziness

Bradycardia / Hypotension

Dry skin - Flushing

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11
Q

Diphenoxylate: Nursing consideration

A

-Prescription only because of anticholinergics effects

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12
Q

Lactobacillus and Sccharomyces

A

Probiotics

Help replenish and restore normal flora

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13
Q

What probiotic is used for treatment of C-Diff

A

Saccharomyces Bouldardii

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14
Q

psyllium: class

A

Bulk forming laxative

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15
Q

psyllium: MOA

A

-Similar to fiber

-Absorb water into intestine to increase bulk

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16
Q

psyllium: Indications

A

-Constipation

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17
Q

psyllium: Adverse Reaction

A

-Impaction

-Fluid and Electrolyte imbalance

-Gas formation

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18
Q

Psyllium: Nursing consideration

A

-Okay for long term use

-Take with liberal amounts of water to avoid impaction

-Contraindicated in intestinal obstruction or fecal impaction

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19
Q

Docusate Sodium: Class

A

Emollient

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20
Q

Docusate Sodium: MOA

A

Lubricates fecal material and walls

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21
Q

Docusate sodium: Indications

A

Opioid-induced constipation

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22
Q

Docusate Sodium: Adverse reactions

A

-Skin rash and decrease absorption of vitamins

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23
Q

Mineral Oil: Class

A

Emollient

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24
Q

Mineral Oil: MOA

A

Lubricates the intestines

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25
Mineral Oil: Indications
Fecal impaction
26
Glycerin: Class
Hyperosmotic
27
Glycerin: MOA
-Increase water content into the feces
28
Glycerin: Indicaitons
-For children -Evacuate bowels before diagnostics and surgical procedures
29
Glycerin: Adverse Effects
-Bloating -Rectal Irritation -Electrolyte imbalance
30
Magnesiums Salts + Sodium Salts
Saline laxatives increase osmotic pressure and draw water into colon Magnesium toxicity and electrolyte imbalance Use in cautions with renal or kidney problems
31
Bisacodyl + Senna: Class
-Stimulant Laxative
32
Bisacodyl + Senna: MOA
-Work on entire GI tract. More you take more action you will see.
33
Bisacodyl + Senna: Indicaitons
-Constipations or whole bowel evacuation
34
Bisacodyl + Senna: Adverse Effects
-Nutrient malabsorption -Gastric Irritation -Electrolyte imbalance -Dependence
35
Bisacodyl + Senna: Nursing Considerations
Most likely to cause dependence and be abused
36
Epinephrine: Class
-Vasopressor -Bronchodilator -Anti-athmatic - vasoconstrictor
37
Epinephrine: MOA
Inhibits release of mediators from mast cells
38
Epinephrine: Indications
-Severe allergic reactions -Cardiac arrest -Severe asthma attacks
39
Epinephrine: Adverse Reactions
-CV: Angina - Arrhythmias _ HTN - Tachy -CNS: Nervousness - Restlessness
40
Epinephrine: Nursing considerations
Only used in emergency situations All routes expect PO Monitor Vital Signs closely Correct dose is crucial. Overdose can be FATAL. Have coworkers recheck dose.
41
SSRI's
-Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors
42
SSRI: Adverse Effects
-Weight gain -Sexual dysfunction -RISK OF SUICIDE
43
Serotonin syndrome
2-72 hours after treatment, altered mental status, increased occurrence with MAOIs and other serotonergic drugs
44
SSRI: Withdrawal Syndrome
-Dizziness, H/A, sensory disturbances, tremor, anxiety, and dysphoria
45
fluexetine: Class
SSRI
46
Fluoxetine: Nursing considerations
-Several advantages over older drugs. Less food drug and drug drug interactions -Therapeutic benefit reached in 3-4 weeks -Avoid use with MAOI
47
venlafazine: Class
SRNI's
48
venlafazine: MOA
-Blocks neuronal activity of serotonin and norepinephrine
49
Venlafazine: Adverse effects
-Nausea, headache, anorexia, insomnia, somnolence, sexual dysfunction, withdrawal syndrome, sweating, blurred vision, increased LFTs
50
Venlafazine: Nursing considerations
Contraindicated with MAOI's
51
amitriptyline: Class
TCA tricyclic antidepressants
52
Amitriptyline: MOA
-Block reuptake of 2 monoamine transmitter, norepinephrine and serotonin (intensify the effects), making more available in the synapse
53
amitriptyline: Adverse reactions
-Sedations -Orthostatic hypotension -Anticholinergic effects (Hot as a hare, Dry as a bone, Blind as a bate, Mad as a hatter)
54
Amitriptyline: Nursing considerations
FATAL OVERDOSE -Used to treat neuropathic pain -Drug-drug interactions with MAOI --> HTN crisis
55
phenelzine: Class
MAOI's
56
phenelzine: MOA
Inhibits MAO - enzyme found in the liver, intestinal wall, and terminals of neurons MAO converts norepi, 5-HT, and dopamine to inactive product. Decrease MAO increases availability of neurotransmitters at the nerve endings
57
phenelzine: Indications
-Refractory depression -Atypical depression
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phenelzine: adverse effects
-LOTS food drug: Tyramine rich foods = HTN issues -CNS: always on edge -Orthostatic hypertension -Can lead to rapid increases in BP - Stroke - Coma
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MAOI most serious problem
Hypertensive crisis when taken with tyramine
60
burprorion: Class
Atypical Antidrpessants
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burprorion: What to know
-Unkown MOA -Depression and Anxiety -Smoking cessation -Shorter to reach effects vs other antidepressants
62
Ketamine
-Atypical antidepressants -Rapidly help with suicide and depression and in low doses -Perceptual disturbances -Dissociation - Halluncinate K-HOLE
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Trazadone
Atypical antidepressants Block reuptake of 5-HT Insomnia (sleep aid)
64
Alprazolam Diazepam Lorazepam Class
Benzodiazepines
65
Alprazolam Diazepam Lorazepam MOA
Enhance the inhibitory effects of GABA in the CNS Turns up GABA which is responsible for relaxation
66
Alprazolam Diazepam Lorazepam What to know
Short term use only Break through meds CNS depression CYP450 Do not mix with other meds
67
Alprazolam Diazepam Lorazepam Antidote
Flumazenil
68
Buprenorphine and naloxone: Class
Opioid agonist and Opioid antagonist
69
Buprenorphine and naloxone: MOA
-Partial opioid agonist (helps receptor to prevent craving) -Partial opioid antagonist (blocks opioid receptor)
70
Buprenorphine and naloxone: Nursing considerations
-Still has potential for abuse, but less than methadone and buprenorphine alone -Sublingual and buccal

NUR 325 PATHO (44 decks)

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