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NUR 325 PATHO > Intro to Immunity (Exam 1) > Flashcards

Intro to Immunity (Exam 1) Flashcards

1
Q

Inflammation

A

-Occurs with cell injury

-Protective Mechanism that begins healing process

-itis commonly used to describe conditions with inflammation.

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2
Q

Protective mechanism that begins healing. Iflammations

A

-Destroys invading and harmful agents

-Limit the spread of harmful agents

-Prepare damaged tissues for repair

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3
Q

Sings of Inlammation

A

-Redness
-Swelling
-Heat
-Pain
-Loss of function

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4
Q

Exogenous

A

Surgery-Trauma-Burn

We did something to our boday

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5
Q

Endogenous

A

Tissue ischemia (lack of O2)

Internally.

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6
Q

Acute inflammtion

A

Last less than 2 weeks

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7
Q

Chronic inflammation

A

Long period of time and can result in scar tissue and is no longer helpful like acute inflammation

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8
Q

Events of Inflammation

A

-Tissue injury or bacterial antigens

-Vasodilation and increased vascular permeability (blood vessels)

-Leukocyte recruitment and emigration.

-Phagocytosis of antigens and debris (Breakdown and eat bacteria and bad cells)

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9
Q

Chemotaxis

A

Process by which neutrophils are attracted to inflamed tissue.

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10
Q

Inflammatory Exudate

A

-Fluid that leaks out of blood vessels, neutrophils and debris.

-Vary in composition. Amount varies based on inflammation.

-Cutting hand does leak much fluid but if it keeps getting worse and leaking than that is inflammatory exudate

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11
Q

4 main types of Inflammatory Exudates

A

-Serous

-Seroanguineous

-Purulent

-Hemorrhagic

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12
Q

Serous Exudate

A

-Watery, low protein, mild inflammation

-The good mild kind. Healing from surgery or injury. Clear fluid

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13
Q

Serosanguineous Exudate

A

-Pink-tinged fluid, small amount of RBC

-Small amounts of RBC. Imm after surgery. Normal Post Opp

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14
Q

Purulent Exudate

A

-Severe inflammation with bacterial infection, neutrophils, protein, and debris (abscesses- may require drainage)

-More concerning. Green and Yellow. Might smell a little funky.

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15
Q

Hemorrhagic

A

-Lots of RBC’s, most severe inflammation

-Occurs with servers leakage and necrosis. Can be confused as straight bleeding from wound.

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16
Q

Systemic Manifestations

A

-Cytokines are responsible

-Fever
-Increased neutrophils
-Lethargy
-Muscle catabolism (breakdown)

Very Sick Patient

17
Q

Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC)

A

-Cluster of genes on chromosome 6.

  • AKA human leukocyte antigen (HLA) complex

-Proteins made by these genes are on cell surfaces. Identify as self.

-2 major classes: MHC class II and Class II

18
Q

Specific Adaptive Immunity

A

-Recognize foreign invades

-Destroys foreign invaders

-Retaining memory of invaders (adaptive). B-cells. T-cells. Both types of white blood cells responsible for memory immunity.

-MHC-Proteins used to discriminate between self and non-self

19
Q

Cells responsible for Specific Adaptive Immunity

A

-B-cells (Humoral)

-T-cells (Cell-mediated)

Kill what they remember

20
Q

B-cells

A

-Responsible for humoral immunity

2 Types

  • Memory cells: cells that remember exposure to antigen (name tag)

-Plasma cells: cells that secrete antibodies

21
Q

Antibodies

A

-Also known as Immunoglobulins

Five classes:

IgG- most common, 75-80%, protect against bacterial and viral infections. (Previous infection or vaccination) (Come around later and are responsible for remembering)

IgM- 10%, activates compliment for cytotoxic functions. (Early, recent infections) (These are the detectors and signalers)

IgA-Secretory functions-Protects against infections. Found in tears and breast milk

IgD- Trace amounts in serum, more on B-cells, stimulates B cells to multiply and divide. (B cell helper)

IgE- Role in immunity against parasites and allergic reactions, signaling of mast cell degranulation. ALLERGIC REACTIONS

22
Q

Passive Immunity

A

-Transfer of plasma containing antibodies from an immunized person to non-immunized person

-Mother to fetus (IgG through placenta. IgA through breast milk)

-Injection of antibodies (not vaccine)

23
Q

Active Immunity

A

-Protected state due to body’s own immune response

-Active infection

-Vaccines

24
Q

5 Main Types of Vaccines

A

-Traditional

-Attenuated

-Toxoids

-Conjugate

25
Q

Traditional Vaccine

A

Inactive or killed organsims

26
Q

Attenuated Vaccine

A

Live but weakened organisms

Do not give to anyone with underlying conditions or weakened immune system

27
Q

Toxoids Vaccines

A

-Inactivated toxins that stimulate production of antitoxin

-Tetanus

28
Q

Conjugate Vaccines

A

-Protein or toxoid from one organsim attached to a disease-causing organism to stimulate response,

-H. Influenza type B

29
Q

mRNA Vaccines

A

Take a snip from genetic code from a virus and teaches your antibodies to respond

Covid

NUR 325 PATHO (30 decks)

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