Uro Problems (Final)

Question 1

-Urinary Tract Infection (Uncomplicated)

Answer 1

-More common in females

-PROTEIN in urine is a great breeding ground for microorgasnims

-E.coli is most common bacteria

Question 2

Lower UTI: Etiology

Answer 2

-Bacteriuria = Bacteria in the urine NOT causing infeciton

-Urethrisits = infection in the urethra

-Cystitis = Infection in the bladder

Question 3

Uncomplicated UTI: S/S

Answer 3

-Asymptomatic, urgency, frequency, dysuria, hematuria, cloudy/foul urine, fever/chills/fatigue

Question 4

Uncomplicated UTI: Diagnosis

Answer 4

-H&P, UA, Urine culture, CBC

Question 5

Uncomplicated UTI treatment

Answer 5

-Antibiotics, Increase fluid intake, avoid irritants, loose clothes, frequent urination, probiotics

Question 6

UTI: Protective Factors

Answer 6

-pH = mAcidic

-Presence of Urea

-Sex-Specific Factors:
Males = Prostatic Secretions
Females = Urethral gland secretions

-Urine flow is unidirectional (one way valve that prevents backward flow)

-Immune system

Question 7

UTI: Risk Factors

Answer 7

-Catheter: CAUTI

-Sex = Females

-Age = Increases (Nursing home residents up to 50% more likely)

-Pregnancy

-Sexual activity: Spermicide with diaphragm or condom

25% sexually active females - 1st year

-Immobility

-Incontince or urine or stool

-Decrease cognition

-Hygiene issues

Question 8

Males and UTI’s

Answer 8

-Less likely to have UTI’s but more likely to have recurrent UTI’s. Bacteria can hide deep in the prostate

-BPH causing urinary retention

Question 9

Lower UTI: Clinical Manifestations

Answer 9

Urethritis:
-Dysuria = Difficulty/Painful Urination
-Most common = ASYMPTOMATIC

Cystitis:
-Frequency
-Urgency
-Suprapubic discomfort
-Dysuria

Blood in urine possible in both

Question 10

Atypical UTI manifestations: Children

Answer 10

-Fever (Irritability)

-Poor feeding (Vomiting)

-Diarrhea

-Ill appearance

-Old enough to verbalize?

Question 11

Atypical UTI manifestations: Elderly

Answer 11

-Anxiety
-CONFUSION
-Lethargy
-Anorexia
-History of falling

Question 12

Pharm for lower UTI’s

Answer 12

Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (bactrim)
-First line
-Dont give to pateints with sulfa allergies

Cirpofloxacin (for sulfa allergies)

Nitrofurantoin (for recurring lower UTI’s)

TAKE THE WHOLE COURSE OF ANTIBOTICS

Question 13

Overactive Bladder: Causes

Answer 13

-Neuro disorders
-Diabetes
-UTI
-Hormonal Changes
-Tumors / Stones
-Obstructions

Question 14

Overactive Bladder: Manifestations

Answer 14

• Sudden urge to urinate (may experience urgency incontinecne)

-Increase frequency (8 or more times in 24 hrs)

-Nocturia (wake up more than 2 times during night)

Question 15

Incontinence

Answer 15

-Not normal part of aging

Question 16

Urgency Incontinence

Answer 16

-Involves the involuntary leakage of urine immediately after a sudden sensation to urinate

Question 17

Urgency Incontinence: Causes

Answer 17

-Overactive detrusor muscle that suddenly contracts (Increase with age)

-Bladder infection taht irritate bladder lining

-Bladder outlet obstruction (enlarged prostate)

-CNS conditions

-Drugs

Question 18

Stress Incontinence

Answer 18

-Occurs when urine is involuntarily lost with increase in intraabdominal pressure

-Precipitated by effort or exertion

Question 19

Stress Incontinence: Causes

Answer 19

-Loss of pelvic muscle and/or loss of fascial support of bladder and urethra

Question 20

Stress incontinence: RF’s

Answer 20

Age
Obesity
Child Birth trauma
Pelvic Surgery

Question 21

Other Types of Incontinence

Answer 21

Mixed in a combination of urge and stress (old females)

Overflow is when bladder is too full (males BPH)

Functional is related to physical or environmental limitations

Question 22

Why it is a probelm?

Answer 22

-Psychosocial impacts

-Inflammation and irritation of the skin

-Vulnerable to infection

-Increase risk of UTI’s