F&E (Exam 3) Flashcards
How much of body weight is water?
-50-60%
Fluid Compartments:
-Intracellular = 70%
-Extracellular = 30%
Extracellular space areas
-Interstitial fluid - between cells
-Intravascular fluid - plasma (liquid part of the blood)
4 Processes that facilitate the movement of fluid and electrolytes
-Diffusion
-Facilitated Diffusion
-Active Transport
-Osmosis
Osmosis
-Movement of water down a concentration gradient
-Water movement from low to high solute concentation
-From a region of low solute concentration to one of high solute concentration across a semipermeable membrane
(Maintain homostasis)
When does osmosis stop
-When concentration differences disappear or when hydrostatic pressure builds and opposes further movement
Diffusion
-Movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to a lower concentration
-Movement stops when the concentration is equal in both areas
Fluid and Electrolyte Balance
-Water follows electrolytes
What electrolytes are primarily outside of the cell?
Sodium and Chloride
What electrolytes are primarily inside the cell
-Potassium, magnesium, phosphate
Osmosis is
The movement of water across the cell membrane toward the more concentrated solutes
Osmotic pressure is
The amount of pressure needed to prevent the movement of water across a cell membrane
Colloids
-Substances that increase colloid osmotic pressure (oncotic pressure)
What do colloids do?
-Move fluid from interstitial compartment to plasma compartment
3 Primary colloids:
-Albumin
-Globulin
-Fibrinogen
How do we measure colloids?
Total Protein level
Colloid oncotic pressure __________ with age and overall __________
Decreases and Malnutrition
Hydrostatic Pressure
-Force of fluid in compartment pushing against a cell membrane or vessel wall
-Generated by blood pressure
-At capillary level, major force that pushes water out of the vascular system into interstitial space
Changes in hydrostatic presssure equates to
Changes in blood pressure
Oncotic Pressures
-Also called osmotic pressure
-Caused by plasma colloids (large molecules) in solution
Plasma has LOTS of colloids, interstitial space has little
-Plasma proteins attract water, pulling fluid from tissue space into vascular space
Hydrostatic pressure is dictated by?
Blood pressure