Stress and Adaptation (Final)

Question 1

Homeostasis

Answer 1

-A state in which all systems are in balance around an ideal set point.

Set points: pH, temp, blood pressure. (Normal is different for every person but falls in certain range)

Question 2

Allostasis

Answer 2

-The dynamic process that helps us achieve the steady state. The body attempt to get us back to homeostasis

-Addresses the need to alter “set-points” based on certain situations

-If we are exercised our RR needs to increase to maintain our set point.

Question 3

What is stress?

Answer 3

Physical or psychological

Caused by stressor (the exam)

Question 4

Eustress

Answer 4

-Positive reaction of the body

-Promotion

-Getting into nursing school

-A little bit of stress for the exam

Question 5

Distress

Answer 5

-Negative reaction. Decrease performance

Question 6

Adaptive Ability

Answer 6

Coping mechanism

Question 7

What influences our response to stress?

Answer 7

-Genetics
-Culture (Environment)
-Prior experiences
-Pre-existing health status
-Allostatic state
-Ability to manage stress

Question 8

Coping

Answer 8

Watch the first voice over

Question 9

General Adaptation Syndrome

Answer 9

-A similar response by the body no matter what the stressor

Question 10

Three stages of GAS

Answer 10

1. Alarm
2. Resistance
3. Exhaustion

Question 11

GAS: Alarm

Answer 11

-The initial state of arousal

-The body’s initial defense mechanism

-FLIGHT OR FIGHT: SNS + Adrenergic response (Adrenanline)

Hpothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA axis)

KNOW THIS SYSTEM

Question 12

Parasympathetic and Sympathetic

Answer 12

Rest and digest vs Fight and flight

Question 12

HPA Axis

Answer 12

Learn from stress lecture and SS

Question 12

Sympathetic Nervous System: Norepinephrine

Answer 12

-Primary constrictor of smooth muscles in our vascular system (Blood vessel)

-Dilate Pupils

-Decrease gastric secretion which inhibits insulin secretion

-Pancreases

Question 12

Sympathetic Nervous System: Epinephrine

Answer 12

-Increase HR

-Relaxes so dilates bronchial smooth muscle

-Increase glucose production in the liver

-Inhibits insulin secretion from pancreas

Question 13

Glucocorticoid: Cortisol

Answer 13

-Increases cardiac output and blood pressure

-Decrease luteinizing hormones, estradiol, progesterone, and testosterone

-Increase level of amino acids

-Increase glucose production in the liver which is used for fuel

-Atrophy of lymph tissues (decrease immune response)

-Limited increase in WBC response

Question 14

Mineralocorticoids: Aldosterone

Answer 14

-Absorb Na+

-Excrete K+ (and H+)

-Water follows Na+

Question 15

Catecholamines and Glucocorticoids

Answer 15

-Glucorticoids promote the synthesis of epinephrine

-Work together in brain to development memory (Teaches our body how to response to the stress in the future)

Question 16

GAS: Resistance stage

Answer 16

-Continued hormone and catecholamine release: Counteract the effects of continued stress

-Time limited: Not a ending supply
-Stressor is removed –> relaxation
-PNS takes over (Cholinergic response)

Question 17

GAS: Exhaustion stage

Answer 17

-Stressor is not relieved

-Body can no longer achieve homeostasis. (Hyper trophy of adrenal cortex from over stimulation)

-Depleted energy stores

-Inability to adapt

-Death

Question 18

Exhaustion is what type of stress

Answer 18

-Chronic (can result from a lot of things) (Long term)

-Negative impact on physical and mental well being

-Immunosuppression from cortisol. Decreased response of WBC’s. Atrophy of thymus/lymp system and decrease T-cellls

Question 19

Stress: Allostasis Stages

Answer 19

1. Allostatis: Short term adaption to stressor. Survival
2. Allostatic Load: Chronic Stress. Long term dysregulation
3. Allostatic overload: Exaushtion and stress-induced disease or disorder

Question 20

Allostatic Overload SS

Answer 20

Hair loss

Tension

Mouth sore

Asthma

Palpations

Tics

Digestive disorders

Irritable bladder

Acne

Irregular period

Impotence

Sleep disturbances

Question 21

Sleep Deprivation

Answer 21

-Irritability and moodiness

-Apathy

-Impaired memory

-Poor judgement

-Hallucination can develop

Question 22

Stress and Disease

Answer 22

-CAD

-HTN

-Stroke

-IBS

-Autoimmune disease

-Sex problems

-TYPE 2 DM

Question 23

Over production of stress hormones

Answer 23

-Impairs our memory

-Major depressive disorder

-Immunosupression

Question 24

Cortisol: CHO and Glucose Metabolsim

Answer 24

-Effects are opposite of insulin

-Supply glucose to the brain

-Gluconeogensis

-Decrease peripheral glucose utilization

-Inhibit glucose uptake by muscles and adipose tissue

-Promote glucose

Question 25

Cortisol: Protein Metabolism

Answer 25

-Anabolic (Build Up)

-Catabolic (Break down)
Muscle
Adipose tissue
Skin and bone

Question 26

Cortisol: Fat redistribution

Answer 26

-Lipolysis

-Extremities