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NUR 325 PATHO > Skin Disorder (Exam 3) > Flashcards

Skin Disorder (Exam 3) Flashcards

1
Q

Fungal Transmission

A

Implantation: Tineas

Inhalation: Cryptococcal

Taking antibiotics: candidiasis

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2
Q

Fungal infections more common in

A

Elderly and immuno-compromised

Vascular indwelling catheter, organ transplant recipients and patients receiving chemo

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3
Q

Superficial Fungal Infections

A
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4
Q

Dermatophytes

A

Fungi that cause superficial skin infections

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5
Q

Fungal disorders/infections are know as

A

Mycoses

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6
Q

When caused by dermatophytes the mycoses are

A

Tinea

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7
Q

When caused by candida albicans mycoses are called

A

candidiasis

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8
Q

Two most common superficial fungal infections

A

Cadidiasis

Tineas

Infect hair, skin, and nails

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9
Q

Superficial Fungal Infection: Treatment

A

-Treated with topical antifungal preparations

-Systemic antifungals needed for extensive areas or for treatment failures (PO OR IV)

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10
Q

Types of common Fungi

A
  1. Yeast = Candida albicans
  2. superficial dermatophytes = Tineas (live on keratnized tissue)
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11
Q

Tineas names based on location of body

A

Corporois - Ringworm

Pedis - Athletes foot

Versicolor - Upper chest, back, and arms

Capitis - Hair

Cruis - Ringworm of groin

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12
Q

Tinea Pedis

A

-Dry scaling prutic lesions

-May only affect skin in the web spaces between the toes

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13
Q

Tinea Pedis: Risk factors

A

Coming into contact with infected skin or fungus in environment

Locker room and college dorms

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14
Q

Tinea Pedis: Treatment

A

Topical antifungal in most cases

Resistant: Oral or IV

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15
Q

Tinea Capitis

A

Can affect scalp, eyebrows, or eyelashes

-Scaly erythematous lesions and hair loss

-May cause permanent alopecia (baldness)

-is the most common pediatric dermatophyte

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16
Q

Tinea Capitis: Treatment

A

Oral systemic antifungals twice a day for 4-6 weeks

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17
Q

Tinea Versicolor

A

Fungus that affects the skin of the upper back or arms

Caused by overgrowth of the yeast that live on our skin

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18
Q

Tinea Versicolor: Risk Factors

A

Hot climate, sweating a lot, oily skin, weakened immune system, NOT contagious

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19
Q

Candidiasis

A

Thrush or yeast infections

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20
Q

Candidiasis Albicans: Risk factors

A

Immunosuppression (iatrogenic, acquired), antibiotic use

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21
Q

Candidiasis: Appearance

A

May appear as white lesions in mouth

Beefy red with satellite lesions in intertriginous areas (skin folds)

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22
Q

Systemic Fungal Infections

A

-Require aggressive treatment with oral or iv antifungals

-Affects internal organs

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23
Q

Systemic Fungal Infections of the Lungs

A

-Histoplasmosis

-Blastomycosis

-Pneumocystis

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24
Q

Systemic Fungal Infections: Lungs and meninges

A

Cryptococcosis

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25
Q

Pigmented Lesions

A

-Melasma

-Vitiligo

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26
Q

Melasma

A

-dark macules on the face

-Most common in pregnant women (Mask of pregnancy)

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27
Q

Melasma: treatment

A

-Avoid sun

-Bleaching creams with hydroquinone

-Tretinoin/Retin-A (vitamine A derivative)

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28
Q

Vitiligo

A

-Acquired conditions characterized by abnormalites in the production of melanin

-Pigment disappears from a patch of skin

-Occur suddenly before or around the age of 21

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29
Q

Viral Skin Infections

A

Herpes Zoster: Shingles

30
Q

Herpes Zoster: Shingles

A

-Varicella zoster virus lies dormant on a dermatome segment after infection with chickenpox

-Virus becomes reactivated by immunosuppresion, stress, or illness

31
Q

Hepres Zoster: Prodrome

A

-Burning/Tingling along dermatome and then rash develops with vesicles that dry and crust over

32
Q

Herpes Zoster: Charateristics

A

-Vesicles on red base that follow along dermatomal distribution-asymmetric (does not cross midline)

-Usually extremely painful and take 2-3 weeks to clear

-Most contagious when vesicles are weeping

33
Q

Herpes Zoster: Treatment

A

Anti-virals

34
Q

Herpes Zoster: Complication

A

Post-herpetic neuralgia persistent pain in the area where the rash was

Chronic Pain

35
Q

How to prevent post herpetic neuralgia

A

SHINGLES VACCINE

36
Q

Bacterial Skin Infections

A

-Impetigo
-Abscess
-Furuncle
-Cellulitis
-MRSA (staph)

37
Q

Impetigo

A

-Organism carried in the nose: Staphlyococci and Streptococci

-Acute and CONTAGIOUS

-Appearance: Vesicles pustules, honey-colored crust on red base

38
Q

Impetigo: Treatment

A

Bactroban: Topical antibacterial

39
Q

Abscess

A

-Skin inflamed and red with collection of pus

-Area often raised with palpable borders

-Tender

-May drain purulent discharge or fell fluctuant (Fluid-Filled)

40
Q

Abscess: Treatment

A

Incision and drainage with antibiotics

41
Q

Furuncle and Carbuncle

A

Furuncle: is a bacterial infection of hair follicle (Ingrown hair)

Carbuncle: Painful, deep swelling of the skin caused by bacteria. MORE HAIRS INVOLVED

42
Q

Cellulitis

A

-bacterial infection of skin and surrounding tissues

-May be an initial injury or wound that becomes infected and spreads to surrounding healthy tissue

-May be caused by animal or insect bite

-Often occurs in lower extremities

43
Q

Is cellulitis contagious?

A

Not contagious but may become serious by spreading to lymph nodes and blood stream

44
Q

Cellulitis: Appearance

A

Red, painful, swollen, and warm to the touch

45
Q

Cellulitis: Treatment

A

PO systemic antibiotics IV depending on severity

46
Q

MRSA

A

-Caused by a type of staph bacteria that is resistant to many antibiotics

47
Q

Community acquired MRSE

A

Often begins as painful boil

Transmitted from person to person

High-risk = high school wrestlers, child-care workers, and people who live in crowded conditions

48
Q

MRSA: Symptoms

A

-Warm to touch with purulent drainage, fever, abscess can develop quickly

-Bacteria can burrow deep into the body potentially life-threatening infections of bones, joints, surgical wounds, blood stream, heart valves, and lungs

49
Q

MRSA: Treatment Hospital Acquired

A

IV vancomycin or Zyvox

50
Q

MRSA: Treatment community

A

-Bactrim or dicloxacillin

51
Q

Prophylaxis MRSA

A

Bactroban nasal ointment prior to surgery

52
Q

Skin cancers

A

-Basal cell

-Squamous cell

-Melanoma

53
Q

Pecancerous Lesions: Actinic Keratosis

A

-Benign lesions

-Due to damage by sun’s UV rays

-Common in light skin persons

-Rough, Scaly, red plaques

54
Q

Precancerous Lesions: Solar Lentigos

A

-Benign Lesions

-Also know as liver/age spots

-Caused with sun exposure

55
Q

Neoplastic Leasions: 3 Major Types

A
  1. Basal Cell- Most common, but least malignant
  2. Squamous cell- 2nd most common, can metastiasize to remote areas
  3. Melanoma - rarer, but high rate of metastasis
56
Q

ABCDE for Cancerous skin lesions

A

-Assymetry
-Border
-Color
-Diameter
-Evolving

57
Q

Basal Cell Carcinoma

A

-Most common skin cancer in people with lighter skin tone

-Most curable- Non metastasizing, slow growing skin tumor

58
Q

Basal cell carcinoma: Characteristics

A

-Nodular form that beings as a small, flesh colored or pink dome shaped bump

-Translucent, shiney, pearly nodule

-Eventually will form an ulcer surrounded by a shiny border

59
Q

Squamous cell carcinome

A

-2nd most frequent skin cancer

-Catch early and treat early. If not it can spread to lymph nodes or other internal organs

60
Q

Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Characteristics

A

-Red and Scaling

-Keratotic, slightly elevated lesion, with an irregular border, usually with shallow chronic ulcer

61
Q
A
61
Q

Melenoma

A

Cancer of melanocytes

-Malignant cells grown on the skin: Radially spreading in the epidermis and vertically spreading deep into the dermis

-Can form under nails and in the eyes

62
Q

Melanoma: Risk Factors

A

-Family history, blond/red hair. presence of freckling on the upper back, history of 2 or more blistering sunburns before age of 20, history of more of 3 or more years of an outdoor job as a teenager

63
Q

Melanoma Characteristics

A

SS

64
Q

Eczema

A

-Group of skin conditions that cause the skin to become inflamed or irritated

65
Q

Atopic Eczema

A

Most common type: Inherited tendency to develop eczema, asthma, and hay fever

66
Q

Eczema: Characteristics/Symptoms

A

-Rash on face, back of knees, wrist, hands, feet, skin very dry, thick scaly, lesions may appear reddish and then turn brown, Lesions can ooze and crust over. Can be exacerbated by heat, cold, detergents, URI and stress

67
Q

Eczema: Treatment

A

Relieve itching and prevent infection

Lotions and creams

Cold compresses

Hydrocortisone cream

68
Q

Psoriasis

A

Long term chronic condition

Begins young

Not contagious

Affects 1-3% of populations

Link between Psoriasis/obesity/cardiovascular diseases

69
Q

Psoriasis: characterisitics

A

skin cells grow too quickly causing skin to be thick, white, silvery or have red patches—Plaques

Normal skin cells grow gradually and flake off q 4 weeks

70
Q

Treatment: Psoriasis

A

Keep skin moist, UV light, Phototherapy, coricosteriod creams, topical mediations immune modulation mediations

NUR 325 PATHO (30 decks)

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