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NUR 325 PATHO > Skin Disorder (Exam 3) > Flashcards

Skin Disorder (Exam 3) Flashcards

1
Q

Fungal Transmission

A

Implantation: Tineas

Inhalation: Cryptococcal

Taking antibiotics: candidiasis

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2
Q

Fungal infections more common in

A

Elderly and immuno-compromised

Vascular indwelling catheter, organ transplant recipients and patients receiving chemo

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3
Q

Superficial Fungal Infections

A
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4
Q

Dermatophytes

A

Fungi that cause superficial skin infections

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5
Q

Fungal disorders/infections are know as

A

Mycoses

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6
Q

When caused by dermatophytes the mycoses are

A

Tinea

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7
Q

When caused by candida albicans mycoses are called

A

candidiasis

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8
Q

Two most common superficial fungal infections

A

Cadidiasis

Tineas

Infect hair, skin, and nails

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9
Q

Superficial Fungal Infection: Treatment

A

-Treated with topical antifungal preparations

-Systemic antifungals needed for extensive areas or for treatment failures (PO OR IV)

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10
Q

Types of common Fungi

A
  1. Yeast = Candida albicans
  2. superficial dermatophytes = Tineas (live on keratnized tissue)
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11
Q

Tineas names based on location of body

A

Corporois - Ringworm

Pedis - Athletes foot

Versicolor - Upper chest, back, and arms

Capitis - Hair

Cruis - Ringworm of groin

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12
Q

Tinea Pedis

A

-Dry scaling prutic lesions

-May only affect skin in the web spaces between the toes

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13
Q

Tinea Pedis: Risk factors

A

Coming into contact with infected skin or fungus in environment

Locker room and college dorms

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14
Q

Tinea Pedis: Treatment

A

Topical antifungal in most cases

Resistant: Oral or IV

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15
Q

Tinea Capitis

A

Can affect scalp, eyebrows, or eyelashes

-Scaly erythematous lesions and hair loss

-May cause permanent alopecia (baldness)

-is the most common pediatric dermatophyte

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16
Q

Tinea Capitis: Treatment

A

Oral systemic antifungals twice a day for 4-6 weeks

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17
Q

Tinea Versicolor

A

Fungus that affects the skin of the upper back or arms

Caused by overgrowth of the yeast that live on our skin

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18
Q

Tinea Versicolor: Risk Factors

A

Hot climate, sweating a lot, oily skin, weakened immune system, NOT contagious

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19
Q

Candidiasis

A

Thrush or yeast infections

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20
Q

Candidiasis Albicans: Risk factors

A

Immunosuppression (iatrogenic, acquired), antibiotic use

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21
Q

Candidiasis: Appearance

A

May appear as white lesions in mouth

Beefy red with satellite lesions in intertriginous areas (skin folds)

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22
Q

Systemic Fungal Infections

A

-Require aggressive treatment with oral or iv antifungals

-Affects internal organs

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23
Q

Systemic Fungal Infections of the Lungs

A

-Histoplasmosis

-Blastomycosis

-Pneumocystis

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24
Q

Systemic Fungal Infections: Lungs and meninges

A

Cryptococcosis

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25
Pigmented Lesions
-Melasma -Vitiligo
26
Melasma
-dark macules on the face -Most common in pregnant women (Mask of pregnancy)
27
Melasma: treatment
-Avoid sun -Bleaching creams with hydroquinone -Tretinoin/Retin-A (vitamine A derivative)
28
Vitiligo
-Acquired conditions characterized by abnormalites in the production of melanin -Pigment disappears from a patch of skin -Occur suddenly before or around the age of 21
29
Viral Skin Infections
Herpes Zoster: Shingles
30
Herpes Zoster: Shingles
-Varicella zoster virus lies dormant on a dermatome segment after infection with chickenpox -Virus becomes reactivated by immunosuppresion, stress, or illness
31
Hepres Zoster: Prodrome
-Burning/Tingling along dermatome and then rash develops with vesicles that dry and crust over
32
Herpes Zoster: Charateristics
-Vesicles on red base that follow along dermatomal distribution-asymmetric (does not cross midline) -Usually extremely painful and take 2-3 weeks to clear -Most contagious when vesicles are weeping
33
Herpes Zoster: Treatment
Anti-virals
34
Herpes Zoster: Complication
Post-herpetic neuralgia persistent pain in the area where the rash was Chronic Pain
35
How to prevent post herpetic neuralgia
SHINGLES VACCINE
36
Bacterial Skin Infections
-Impetigo -Abscess -Furuncle -Cellulitis -MRSA (staph)
37
Impetigo
-Organism carried in the nose: Staphlyococci and Streptococci -Acute and CONTAGIOUS -Appearance: Vesicles pustules, honey-colored crust on red base
38
Impetigo: Treatment
Bactroban: Topical antibacterial
39
Abscess
-Skin inflamed and red with collection of pus -Area often raised with palpable borders -Tender -May drain purulent discharge or fell fluctuant (Fluid-Filled)
40
Abscess: Treatment
Incision and drainage with antibiotics
41
Furuncle and Carbuncle
Furuncle: is a bacterial infection of hair follicle (Ingrown hair) Carbuncle: Painful, deep swelling of the skin caused by bacteria. MORE HAIRS INVOLVED
42
Cellulitis
-bacterial infection of skin and surrounding tissues -May be an initial injury or wound that becomes infected and spreads to surrounding healthy tissue -May be caused by animal or insect bite -Often occurs in lower extremities
43
Is cellulitis contagious?
Not contagious but may become serious by spreading to lymph nodes and blood stream
44
Cellulitis: Appearance
Red, painful, swollen, and warm to the touch
45
Cellulitis: Treatment
PO systemic antibiotics IV depending on severity
46
MRSA
-Caused by a type of staph bacteria that is resistant to many antibiotics
47
Community acquired MRSA
Often begins as painful boil Transmitted from person to person High-risk = high school wrestlers, child-care workers, and people who live in crowded conditions
48
MRSA: Symptoms
-Warm to touch with purulent drainage, fever, abscess can develop quickly -Bacteria can burrow deep into the body potentially life-threatening infections of bones, joints, surgical wounds, blood stream, heart valves, and lungs
49
MRSA: Treatment Hospital Acquired
IV vancomycin or Zyvox
50
MRSA: Treatment community
-Bactrim or dicloxacillin
51
Prophylaxis MRSA
Bactroban nasal ointment prior to surgery
52
Skin cancers
-Basal cell -Squamous cell -Melanoma
53
Pecancerous Lesions: Actinic Keratosis
-Benign lesions -Due to damage by sun's UV rays -Common in light skin persons -Rough, Scaly, red plaques
54
Precancerous Lesions: Solar Lentigos
-Benign Lesions -Also know as liver/age spots -Caused with sun exposure
55
Neoplastic Leasions: 3 Major Types
1. Basal Cell- Most common, but least malignant 2. Squamous cell- 2nd most common, can metastiasize to remote areas 3. Melanoma - rarer, but high rate of metastasis
56
ABCDE for Cancerous skin lesions
-Assymetry -Border -Color -Diameter -Evolving
57
Basal Cell Carcinoma
-Most common skin cancer in people with lighter skin tone -Most curable- Non metastasizing, slow growing skin tumor
58
Basal cell carcinoma: Characteristics
-Nodular form that beings as a small, flesh colored or pink dome shaped bump -Translucent, shiney, pearly nodule -Eventually will form an ulcer surrounded by a shiny border
59
Squamous cell carcinome
-2nd most frequent skin cancer -Catch early and treat early. If not it can spread to lymph nodes or other internal organs
60
Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Characteristics
-Red and Scaling -Keratotic, slightly elevated lesion, with an irregular border, usually with shallow chronic ulcer
61
61
Melenoma
Cancer of melanocytes -Malignant cells grown on the skin: Radially spreading in the epidermis and vertically spreading deep into the dermis -Can form under nails and in the eyes
62
Melanoma: Risk Factors
-Family history, blond/red hair. presence of freckling on the upper back, history of 2 or more blistering sunburns before age of 20, history of more of 3 or more years of an outdoor job as a teenager
63
Melanoma Characteristics
SS
64
Eczema
-Group of skin conditions that cause the skin to become inflamed or irritated
65
Atopic Eczema
Most common type: Inherited tendency to develop eczema, asthma, and hay fever
66
Eczema: Characteristics/Symptoms
-Rash on face, back of knees, wrist, hands, feet, skin very dry, thick scaly, lesions may appear reddish and then turn brown, Lesions can ooze and crust over. Can be exacerbated by heat, cold, detergents, URI and stress
67
Eczema: Treatment
Relieve itching and prevent infection Lotions and creams Cold compresses Hydrocortisone cream
68
Psoriasis
Long term chronic condition Begins young Not contagious Affects 1-3% of populations Link between Psoriasis/obesity/cardiovascular diseases
69
Psoriasis: characterisitics
skin cells grow too quickly causing skin to be thick, white, silvery or have red patches---Plaques Normal skin cells grow gradually and flake off q 4 weeks
70
Treatment: Psoriasis
Keep skin moist, UV light, Phototherapy, coricosteriod creams, topical mediations immune modulation mediations

NUR 325 PATHO (44 decks)

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