W15_03 substance abuse

Question 1

what are the anatomical structures involved in addiction?

Answer 1

nucleus accumbens;
medial forebrain bundle;
dopamine is the neurotransmitter

Question 2

note: cocaine acts on the reward pathway directly, so it has a huge effect

Answer 2

ok

Question 3

what are some of the characteristics that make drugs addictive?

Answer 3

rapid onset;
potency at receptor;
short duration of action;
tolerance;
withdrawal

Question 4

note: tolerance blah balh

Answer 4

ok

Question 5

positive famil history increases risk of alcohol dependence. How does this affect the response to alcohol in the individual?

Answer 5

fewer adverse effects (e.g. hangover);
greater tolerance;
more positive effects

Question 6

note: many mental disorders are linked with addiction

Answer 6

the drugs help them get out of their disorders

Question 7

note: for addicts, their lives often focus and revolve around getting and using the drugs

Answer 7

ok

Question 8

what are the 4 Cs of drug use?

Answer 8

compulsive drug use;
inability to cut down;
cravings;
continued use despite consequences

Question 9

how to take a substance use history? (I P TARRR)

Answer 9

initiation;
pattern of use;
treatment history;
abstinence;
relapse;
risk assessment;
readiness to change

Question 10

note: risk of CAD after quitting smoking dec 50% in one year

Answer 10

risk of stroke normalizes after 5 years

Question 11

what does nicotine cause pharmacologically?

Answer 11

psychoactive effects in pleasure, arousal, relaxation, anxiety relief;
CV effects of increase HR, cardiac output, BP, but coronary/cutaneous vasoconstriction;
appetite suppression;
increased metabolic rate

Question 12

what are the 5 As of initiating smoking cessation

Answer 12

ask;
advise;
assess;
assist;
arrange follow up

Question 13

what are some pharmacotherapies for quitting smoking?

Answer 13

nicotine replacement therapy;
bupropion;
varenicline;
combination therapy

Question 14

what’s buproprion? (smoking cessation)

Answer 14

atypical antidepressant thought to elevate dopamine levels in mesolimbic system and nucleus accumbens

Question 15

what’s veranacline/champix? (smoking cessation)

Answer 15

partial nicotine agonist/antagonist