W10_08 Contraception Flashcards
what are the top two most popular contraception methods?
combined oral contraceptive pill (28%);
condoms (21%)
what’s the pearl index?
a proportion of the contraception failure rates among women who use it over 1 year of use
what are some non hormonal methods of contraception?
fertility awareness;
lactational amenorrhea;
barriers/spermicides;
copper IUD
what’‘re three ways of delivering estro/progest-?
pill, patch, or ring
what is depomedroxyprogesterone acetate?
long-acting injection (3 months)
what is levonorgestrel IUD/ Minerva?
IUD w/hormone
what is implanon?
rod, implanted under skin. Contraceptive for 3 years
how long can sperm live in the vagina?
5 days
what’s the fertile time?
6 days per cycle
what’s the rule of 4s of lactational amenorrhea contraception?
4 weeks postpartum and not breastfeeding? Can get pregnant;
4 months PP? if 4 hours breastfeeding during the day and 6 hours at night, then no pregnancy
what kind of hormonal contraception for women who are lactating?
progestin-only (doesn’t affect milk production, unlike estrogen does)
what’s the failure rate of spermicides?
6-25%
what’s nonoxynol-9?
spermicide. Inserted 10-30 mins before intercourse
what increases the risk of barrier contraceptives?
frequent intercourse;
age<30;
previous contraception failure
what’s the failure rate of male condoms?
3-14%;
2% if spermicide added
how long does the diaphragm need to be in place?
can insert 6 hours before, but leave in place 6-24 hours after sex
what’s the failure rate of the diaphragm?
6-20%
note: diaphragms need fitting before and after pregnancy
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what are flexi-T, nova T, and mirena?
IUDs
what’s the difference between copper and progesterone IUDs?
copper is toxic to sperm, progesterone affects the female reproductive organs
how does progesterone affect contraceptives?
thickens cervical mucus, alters tubal transport, alters uterine lining, inhibits ovulation via LH/FSH suppresion (somewhat)
what’s the failure rate of IUD?
0.1-2%
note that risk of infection in IUD is small
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note: you can use mirena to protect the endometrium for those on estrogen hormone replacement and tamoxifen
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