W01_09 Neonatal Pathology

Question 1

define premature birth

Answer 1

<37 weeks GA

Question 2

define term mature birth

Answer 2

37-42 weeks GA

Question 3

define postmature birth

Answer 3

> 42 weeks GA

Question 4

define small/large for gestational age

Answer 4

90th percentile

Question 5

define neonatal period

Answer 5

birth to 1 month or 4 weeks of life

Question 6

apgar score tests which three things?

Answer 6

heart rate;
respiratory effort;
muscle tone;
irritability;
colour

Question 7

which structure does blood pass through from the placenta to the umbilical vein?

Answer 7

ductus venosus

Question 8

which structure does blood pass through from the IVC to the left heart?

Answer 8

foramen ovale

Question 9

which structure does blood pass through from the pulmonary trunk to the aorta? (bypassing the lungs)

Answer 9

the ductus arteriosus

Question 10

which cell type produces surfactant

Answer 10

type II pneumocyte

Question 11

what are some congenital cardiomyopathies?

Answer 11

hypoplastic left heart syndrome;

endocardial fibroelastosis of left ventricle

Question 12

define neonatal respiratory distress syndrome

Answer 12

acute injury to alveoli and terminal bronchioles with epithelial necrosis, exudation of fluid and formation of membranes lining the distal airspace surfaces

Question 13

what’s prophylaxis for hyaline membrane disease?

Answer 13

delay birth until fetus is >35 weeks GA (L/S ratio > 2.0);
give mother glucocorticoids;
give baby exogenous surfactant immediately after birth

Question 14

define necrotizing enterocolitis

Answer 14

acute ischemic necrosis of the intestines occurring in newborns; can causes necrosis, inflammation, pneumatosis intestinalis