W11_01 Antenatal care

Question 1

what’s included in the pre-conception assessment?

Answer 1

age;
LMP/cycle length/regularity;
folic acid;
immunization status;
genetic and familial risk;
maternal conditions;
obstetrical history

Question 2

what’s chadwick’s sign?

Answer 2

blue discoloration of the vagina mucosa because of increased vascularity to the pelvic organs

Question 3

what’s hegar’s sign?

Answer 3

softening of the uterus. A probable sign of pregnancy

Question 4

what are the positive signs of pregnancy?

Answer 4

positive pregnancy test;
auscultation of fetal heart;
perception of fetal movements by examiner;
ultrasound demonstration of fetus

Question 5

what’s time 0 of the gestational age?

Answer 5

last normal menstrual period

Question 6

what’s naegle’s rule?

Answer 6

LNMP + 9 months + 7 days

Question 7

what’s the average length of pregnancy?

Answer 7

280 days = 40 weeks GA;
38 weeks conception

Question 8

note: the longer the time elapsed of gestation, the more poorly US is at dating the length of pregnancy

Answer 8

accurate to 1 week in T1, 2 weeks in T2, 3 weeks in T3

Question 9

if the uterus is between umbilicus and xiphoid, how long has the pregnancy been?

Answer 9

36 weeks

Question 10

if the uterus is between the symphysis and umbilicus, how long is the gestation?

Answer 10

16 weeks

Question 11

what are some maternal medical issues during pregnancy?

Answer 11

gestational hypertension w/ or w/o proteinuria, pre-eclampsia;
gestational diabetes;
cholestasis of pregnancy, PUPPPS

Question 12

what are some fetal medical issues during pregnancy?

Answer 12

growth restriction/macrosomia;
chromosomal or structural anomalies;
hydrops;
cardiac arrhythmias;
malpresentation

Question 13

what are some placental/obstetrical issues during pregnancy?

Answer 13

short cervix;
preterm labour;
PPROM;
abnormal placentation;
antepartum hemorrhage;
polyhydramnios/oligohydramnios;
post term pregnancy

Question 14

define postterm pregnancy

Answer 14

any pregnancy over 42 weeks of term

Question 15

define placenta previa

Answer 15

placenta is covering the cervical os

Question 16

what factors should be looked at to assess growth of the fetus?

Answer 16

estimated fetal weight, fetal abdominal circumference, biparietal diamter, femur length

Question 17

how to identify at-risk pregnancies?

Answer 17

US assessment;
complete anatomical scan;
growth;
biophysical profile;
doppler flow studies;
third trimester scan

Question 18

what to test for when doing first trimester screening?

Answer 18

down syndrome (trisomy 21 and trisomy 18)

Question 19

what does the quad screen test for?

Answer 19

alpha fetoprotein;
beta HCG;
unconjugated estriol;
inhibin A;

done to check for chromosomal abnormalities and ONTD

Question 20

what are the two invasive prenantal testing methods?

Answer 20

chorionic villus sampling;
amniocentesis

Question 21

nausea and vomiting affect how many pregnant women?

Answer 21

50-90%

Question 22

what’s the treatment for nuasea/vomiting in pregnancy?

Answer 22

Diclectin 2-4 tabs/day up to 8 tabs a day

Question 23

what can alcohol consumption in pregnancy cause?

Answer 23

fetal alcohol spectrum disorder/IUGR, distinctive facies, developmental delay, behavioural disorder