W13_02 nutrition Flashcards
what’s a registered dietician?
manages food intake;
note: registered dietician is regulated by the law, nutritionists are not
the WHO recommends breast feeding for how long?
first 6 months of life, ONLY BF;
next 6 months, BF plus complementary
what are the benefits of breast feeding?
lower risk of SIDS;
protection against allergies/intolerances;
obesity prevention;
maternal benefits
what’s colostrum?
yellow-coloured fluid that comes before the breast milk;
rich in protein and minerals, and immunoglobulins
what’s foremilk made up of?
CHO, water, protein, some fat
what’s hindmilk, in comparison to foremilk?
has more fat than foremilk
what vitamin needs to be supplemented during breastfeeding?
vitamin D (none in mature breast milk)
what’s galactosemia in a baby?
baby cannot metabolize the sugar in the breast milk
if mothers choose not to breast feed, what is the only alternative?
commercial infant formula
what are the different infant formulas?
powder, ready to feed, liquid concentrate
what’s the various proteins that are in the formula?
cows milk base;
soy protein;
hydrolyzed (broken down proteins)
what’s the energy density per mL of infant formula?
0.67 kcal/mL (can concentrate the feed for higher density)
note: 1 ounce = 30 mL
ok
what are the dietary recommended intake in the 1st 6 months of life?
100 kcal/kg/day = 150 cc/kg/day
what are the dietary recommended intake in 6-12 months of life?
80 kcal/kg/day = 120 cc/kg/day
when can a child drink homo milk?
9 months until 2 years
when should I child drink skim milk?
> 2 y.o.
at 1 y.o. how much cow’s milk should a child drink?
up to 2 cups of milk!
what’s the max limit of fruit juice?
half a cup daily
why’s juice limited for intake?
minimal nutritional benefits;
undernutrition/obesity;
toddler’s diarrhea;
dental caries
fetuses have enough iron for how long?
6 months (recent change to 4 months)
when to start iron supplementation in premature newborns?
4 weeks postnatally)
which vitamin helps in rickets prevention?
vitamin D
how much vitamin D supplementation does an infant need?
1000mL formula: no more vitamin d needed
when should a baby be able to hold a bottle?
6-9 months
when should a baby finger-feed itself?
9-12 months
when should a baby know how to use a cup/spoon?
12-18 months
when should a baby start solid food?
4-6 months;
containing IRON
what’s the approach to obesity management in kids and their families?
BMI plotting;
ask for permission to provide info on BMI;
assess risk factors for weight gain;
assess motivation;
advice+goal setting;
assess confidence;
agree on plan + arrange followup
