W13_02 nutrition

Question 1

what’s a registered dietician?

Answer 1

manages food intake;
note: registered dietician is regulated by the law, nutritionists are not

Question 2

the WHO recommends breast feeding for how long?

Answer 2

first 6 months of life, ONLY BF;
next 6 months, BF plus complementary

Question 3

what are the benefits of breast feeding?

Answer 3

lower risk of SIDS;
protection against allergies/intolerances;
obesity prevention;
maternal benefits

Question 4

what’s colostrum?

Answer 4

yellow-coloured fluid that comes before the breast milk;
rich in protein and minerals, and immunoglobulins

Question 5

what’s foremilk made up of?

Answer 5

CHO, water, protein, some fat

Question 6

what’s hindmilk, in comparison to foremilk?

Answer 6

has more fat than foremilk

Question 7

what vitamin needs to be supplemented during breastfeeding?

Answer 7

vitamin D (none in mature breast milk)

Question 8

what’s galactosemia in a baby?

Answer 8

baby cannot metabolize the sugar in the breast milk

Question 9

if mothers choose not to breast feed, what is the only alternative?

Answer 9

commercial infant formula

Question 10

what are the different infant formulas?

Answer 10

powder, ready to feed, liquid concentrate

Question 11

what’s the various proteins that are in the formula?

Answer 11

cows milk base;
soy protein;
hydrolyzed (broken down proteins)

Question 12

what’s the energy density per mL of infant formula?

Answer 12

0.67 kcal/mL (can concentrate the feed for higher density)

Question 13

note: 1 ounce = 30 mL

Answer 13

ok

Question 14

what are the dietary recommended intake in the 1st 6 months of life?

Answer 14

100 kcal/kg/day = 150 cc/kg/day

Question 15

what are the dietary recommended intake in 6-12 months of life?

Answer 15

80 kcal/kg/day = 120 cc/kg/day

Question 16

when can a child drink homo milk?

Answer 16

9 months until 2 years

Question 17

when should I child drink skim milk?

Answer 17

> 2 y.o.

Question 18

at 1 y.o. how much cow’s milk should a child drink?

Answer 18

up to 2 cups of milk!

Question 19

what’s the max limit of fruit juice?

Answer 19

half a cup daily

Question 20

why’s juice limited for intake?

Answer 20

minimal nutritional benefits;
undernutrition/obesity;
toddler’s diarrhea;
dental caries

Question 21

fetuses have enough iron for how long?

Answer 21

6 months (recent change to 4 months)

Question 22

when to start iron supplementation in premature newborns?

Answer 22

4 weeks postnatally)

Question 23

which vitamin helps in rickets prevention?

Answer 23

vitamin D

Question 24

how much vitamin D supplementation does an infant need?

Answer 24

1000mL formula: no more vitamin d needed

Question 25

when should a baby be able to hold a bottle?

Answer 25

6-9 months

Question 26

when should a baby finger-feed itself?

Answer 26

9-12 months

Question 27

when should a baby know how to use a cup/spoon?

Answer 27

12-18 months

Question 28

when should a baby start solid food?

Answer 28

4-6 months;
containing IRON

Question 29

what’s the approach to obesity management in kids and their families?

Answer 29

BMI plotting;
ask for permission to provide info on BMI;
assess risk factors for weight gain;
assess motivation;
advice+goal setting;
assess confidence;
agree on plan + arrange followup