W12_01 common problems in infancy Flashcards
what does the transactional model of development include?
attachment;
separation;
autonomy;
mastery
what does the attachment stage of the transactional model of development include?
bonding;
internal security;
stranger anxiety;
exploration of environment
what does the separation stage of the transactional model of development include?
child feels secure;
child takes risks;
parent acknowledges;
going to bed;
babysitter/daycare;
hospitalization
what does the autonomy stage of the transactional model of development include?
behavioural independence;
thumbsucking;
rocking/head-banging;
transitional objects
what does the mastery stage of the transactional model of development include?
competence in their environment;
feeding;
exploring;
dressing
what can be problematic in the transactional model of development?
thumbsucking;
sleep disturbance;
exuberant explorer;
tempertantrums;
toilet training
definition of infantile colic?
rule of threes:
3 hours/day;
3 days/week;
3 weeks in a row
what’s the DDx of infantile colic?
cow’s milk intolerance (in mother too!);
otitis media;
GI problem;
others (fracture, etc.)
what’s the treatment for infantile colic?
support;
swaddling;
white noise
define gastroesophageal reflux (GER)
regurgitation in an otherwise healthy infant with normal growth and development;
not vomiting, which is projectile
note: GER is different from GERD, where GERD is causing troubles and complications
ok
complications of GERD?
esophagitis;
failure to thrive;
respiratory problems
treatment of GERD?
hypoallergenic formula;
prop baby upright;
thicken formula;
histamine inhibitors or PPIs
what’s the ferber technique?
a pediatric sleep method by giving reassurance and allowing to fall asleep alone
what’s croup?
laryngo-tracheo-bronchitis, including stridor, hoarse voice, barky cough
what’s the MoA of croup?
mucosa gets inflammed and swollen
what’s the treatment of croup?
fluids;
humidity (not proven);
cold air;
steroid (dexa);
ER for those with stridor at rest, restlessness, retractions, tachypnea;
inhalation of racemic epinephrine
do viruses or bacteria cause more pneumonia in children?
viruses;
bacteria more in adults
most common form of pneumonia in birth - 1 month?
strep B;
coliforms;
others
most common form of pneumonia in 1 month - 1 year?
pneumococcus;
h.influenza;
staphylococcus;
chlamydia
most common form of pneumonia in 1 year - 5 years?
pneumococcus;
mycoplasma
most common form of pneumonia in 5 years - 15 years?
pneumococcus;
mycoplasma;
sterptococcus
define fever in a child
rectal/aural: 38;
oral: 37.5;
axilla: 37.2
when’s the highest temperature?
late afternoon/evening;
lowest at night
what are some causes of fever?
infection;
inflammatory disease;
malignancy;
misc (immunizations, dehydration,drugs,sickle cell, etc)
how long does the common cold last in a kid?
usually 5-7d, up to 14
what are some non-pharm treatments for the common cold?
steam, humidity, saline nasal drops, aspirator, elevate head
note: avoid oral decongestants, antihistamines, expectorants, cough suppressants in kids under 6
they don’t work, and they induce side effects
what are three things to diagnose otitis media?
fluid;
signs of inflammation (e..g bulging tympanic membrane);
pain
what’s the most common cause of otitis media?
bacterial, not viral;
pneumococcus 35% of all bacterial infections
note: many kids resolve otitis media spontaneously.
how do we find the ones that won’t get better?
children under 2 years old are more likely to get better only with intervention
ok
what’s the first line therapy for otitis media?
amoxicillin (75-90mg/kg/day in 2 doses);
can use amox-clav 90mg/kg/day if resistant;
can use ceftriaxone 50mg/kg/day
