W11_10 neonatal assessment 2 Flashcards
what’s the routine newborn care that was discussed in class?
vitamin K,
antibiotic eye ointment,
hearing screen,
newborn screen
note: neonates are at risk for vitamin k deficiency
hemorrhagic disease of the newborn
what’s the prophylactic treatment of ophthalmia neonatorum?
erythromycin ointment
what’s DPOE?
distortion product otoacoustic emissions. Hearing screening test
what’s done for newborn screening?
phenylketonuria;
congenital hypothyroidism;
congenital adrenal hyperplasia;
CF;
hemoglobinopathies;
metabolic disorders
what are the 6 neonatal illnesses covered in class?
sepsis, cyanosis, resp distress, gastroesophageal reflux, vomiting, jaundice
note: neonatal sepsis has low incidence, but high risk of mortality. Also symptoms are vague, so lots of prophylaxis
ok
note: normal neonates can be cyanotic until 5-10 mins after birth
persistent central cyanosis is never normal
what could cause central cyanosis?
hypoventilation, pulmonary disease, right->left shunt, hematologic disorders
what’s tachypnea in a baby?
> 60 breaths/minute
what causes transient tachypnea of the newborn?
inadequate lung fluid clearance in transition. Can resolve within the hour, usually
what to consider when babies have central cyanosis but no resp distress?
congenital heart disease;
idiopathic persistent pulmonary hypertension
define micrognathia
small jaw. “mandibular hypoplasia”
what are some GI-related red flags in babies?
abdo distension/tenderness;
bile stained vomit;
GI bleed;
absent bowel sounds;
poor weight gain/dehydration;
delayed passage of meconium
what causes gastroesophageal reflux?
weak lower esophageal sphincter
what causes pyloric stenosis?
hypertrophy of pylorus;
feels like an olive;
diagnose with U/S;
treat with surgery
note: jaundice is common in term (60%) and preterm (80%) infants
ok
define kernicterus
bilirubin crossing BBB and causing damage to basal ganglia and CNS
what are some causes of jaundice in the first week?
hemolysis;
bruising/cephalohematoma/polycythemia;
physiologic jaundice;
sepsis
how does phototherapy work for hyperbilirubinemia?
give blue light. Converts bilirubin into compound to be peed out
how to treat jaundice in the first week?
phototherapy;
ivig (for ABO incompatibility, e.g.);
exchange transfusion
note: breast milk can cause infant jaundice
unconjugated bilirubin is passed to baby
