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KM Master Sommelier Study > Viticulture > Flashcards

Viticulture Flashcards

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Introductory Sommelier Exam (CMS) flashcards
1
Q

Which wild species does vinifera came from in early days

A

Vitis Silvestris

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2
Q

What are Lianas

A

Plants that do not produce wood for support, but are rather structural parasites, example grapevine

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3
Q

What are phototrops

A

Plants that seek the sun. They grow tall shoots and leaves to attract higher ratio of sunlight

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4
Q

What is dioecious

A

Plants where both male and female plants exist and are needed to grow close together for pollination

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5
Q

What is hermaphroditic plant

A

Plants that can self pollinate

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6
Q

What is a scion

A

The main vinifera bud above ground, connnected to a rootstock that grown underground

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7
Q

What are lignified shoots

A

The shoots that turned brown after the first winter and became permanent wood

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8
Q

What are spurs

A

Canes that are pruned for fruiting buds to grow from

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9
Q

What are internodes

A

Portion of stem between two nodes is called internode

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10
Q

Which grape is known to produce three clusters per shoot

A

Carignan

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11
Q

What is rachis

A

stem of the cluster is called rachis

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12
Q

What are inflorescences

A

flower clusters that resemble immature grapes

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13
Q

What is a bloom

A

A waxy coating on the berries that protects the fruit and collects the yeast

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14
Q

What is Ampelography

A

Science of identifying grape varieties based on berry size, looks of leaves and growth patterns of plants

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15
Q

Where does photosynthesis occur

A

Primarily in leaves but may happen in any green tissue of the plant

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16
Q

What is Xylem

A

veins that carry water in the plants

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17
Q

What is Phloem

A

Veins that carry sugar from the leaves to the plant

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18
Q

What is adenosine triphosphate, or ATP

A

A reaction that converts sugar into usable energy in plants, happens using oxygen, 24 hours a day

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19
Q

What are the challanges with shaded buds

A

Shaded buds develop into less productive shoots, reducing the overall quantity of fruit over time

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20
Q

What is Ravaz index

A

the ratio of fruit weight to pruning weight in a vine. Ratio of 4 to 10 are considered balanced

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21
Q

What is the optimum internodes size

A

three to four inches

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22
Q

What is the optimum shoot size

A

Roughly four feet

23
Q

What is Vitacae

A

The creeper family Vitis Vinifera belongs to

24
Q

Name two major genus of grape species

A

Vitis (38 chromosomes)
Muscadinia (40 chromosomes)

25
Q

Name key grape species used in wine making

A

Vitis Vinifera
Vitis Labrusca
Vitis Amurensis
Muscadinia Rotundifolia

26
Q

Name key grape species used as rootstock

A

Vitis Rupestris
Vitis Riparia
Vitis Berlandieri

27
Q

Which rootstock was a hybrid between Vitis Vinifera and Vitis Rupestris

A

AXR1 - had a low resistance for phylloxera

28
Q

Which famous grape used for jams and jellies is a hybrid of Vitis Vinifera and Vitis Labrusca

A

Concord

29
Q

What is the difference between a crossing and hybrid

A

Crossing is the result of breeding between same species, while hybrid is a breeding between two species; interbreeding

30
Q

Which Vitis variety is famous for it’s foxy flavours when made into wine

A

Vitis Labrusca

31
Q

What is Frontenac

A

A very cold hardy and mildew resistant hybrid grape variety with vinifera like flavours,bred in University of Minnesota. Found in Red, Gris and Blanc versions

32
Q

Which grape varieties made into wine are closest relatives of Vitis Sylvestris

A

Pinot Noir
Gouais Blanc
Savagnin

33
Q

What is Alicante Bouschet

A

A crossing of Teinturier grape Petit Bouschet and Grenache

34
Q

What are proles

A

Proles are the subdivision of grape varieties by physical characteristics and location of primary cultivation

35
Q

What are the three proles of Vitis Vinifera

A

Proles Pontica (Aegean and Black Sea)
Proles Occidentalis (Western Europe)
Proles Orientalis (Middle East)

36
Q

Name some famous Proles Pontica

A

Zinfandel
Vermentino
Furmint

37
Q

Name some famous Proles Orientalis

A

Cinsault
Muscat

38
Q

Which chemical compound is responsible for aromatic flavours like rose, lychee and orange blossoms

A

Monoterpenes

39
Q

What is the typical method to treat virusinfected cuttings in a nursery

A

Heat Treatment

40
Q

Which virus affected the Gingin clone of Chardonnay grown in Australia

A

Leafroll Virus

41
Q

What is Koshu

A

A hybrid of Vitis Vinifera (dominant) and vitis Davidii found in East Asia

42
Q

Name some beneficial characteristics that rootstocks offer

A

Phylloxera Resistance
Vigor
Drought tolerence
Pest and disease resistance
adaptation to various soils

43
Q

Which rootstock grows near river beds, making it low vigour with enough water availability

A

Vitis Riparia

44
Q

Which rootstock is best suited for Limestone soils

A

Vitis Berlandieri, deep roots and draught tolerant

45
Q

Which rootstock does not propagate from dormant buds and must be bred with another vine

A

Vitis Berlandieri

46
Q

Which rootstock is the most draught tolerant

A

Vitis Rupestris

47
Q

What happens if Vitis Rupestris rootstock is planted in fertile areas

A

It grows vigorous canopies

48
Q

What is Terroir

A

Qualities that give wine a sense of place

49
Q

Which climate produces higher yields, warmer or cooler

A

Warmer climate

50
Q

What are growing degree days

A

Average temeparture in a climate between budbreak to harvest

51
Q

What is a diurnal shift

A

Difference between day and night temperature

52
Q

What is continentality

A

Difference between summer and winter temperatures

53
Q

What is the major threat in continental climate

A

Spring and autumn frost

54
Q
A

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