Viticulture Flashcards
Which wild species does vinifera came from in early days
Vitis Silvestris
What are Lianas
Plants that do not produce wood for support, but are rather structural parasites, example grapevine
What are phototrops
Plants that seek the sun. They grow tall shoots and leaves to attract higher ratio of sunlight
What is dioecious
Plants where both male and female plants exist and are needed to grow close together for pollination
What is hermaphroditic plant
Plants that can self pollinate
What is a scion
The main vinifera bud above ground, connnected to a rootstock that grown underground
What are lignified shoots
The shoots that turned brown after the first winter and became permanent wood
What are spurs
Canes that are pruned for fruiting buds to grow from
What are internodes
Portion of stem between two nodes is called internode
Which grape is known to produce three clusters per shoot
Carignan
What is rachis
stem of the cluster is called rachis
What are inflorescences
flower clusters that resemble immature grapes
What is a bloom
A waxy coating on the berries that protects the fruit and collects the yeast
What is Ampelography
Science of identifying grape varieties based on berry size, looks of leaves and growth patterns of plants
Where does photosynthesis occur
Primarily in leaves but may happen in any green tissue of the plant
What is Xylem
veins that carry water in the plants
What is Phloem
Veins that carry sugar from the leaves to the plant
What is adenosine triphosphate, or ATP
A reaction that converts sugar into usable energy in plants, happens using oxygen, 24 hours a day
What are the challanges with shaded buds
Shaded buds develop into less productive shoots, reducing the overall quantity of fruit over time
What is Ravaz index
the ratio of fruit weight to pruning weight in a vine. Ratio of 4 to 10 are considered balanced
What is the optimum internodes size
three to four inches
What is the optimum shoot size
Roughly four feet
What is Vitacae
The creeper family Vitis Vinifera belongs to
Name two major genus of grape species
Vitis (38 chromosomes)
Muscadinia (40 chromosomes)
Name key grape species used in wine making
Vitis Vinifera
Vitis Labrusca
Vitis Amurensis
Muscadinia Rotundifolia
Name key grape species used as rootstock
Vitis Rupestris
Vitis Riparia
Vitis Berlandieri
Which rootstock was a hybrid between Vitis Vinifera and Vitis Rupestris
AXR1 - had a low resistance for phylloxera
Which famous grape used for jams and jellies is a hybrid of Vitis Vinifera and Vitis Labrusca
Concord
What is the difference between a crossing and hybrid
Crossing is the result of breeding between same species, while hybrid is a breeding between two species; interbreeding
Which Vitis variety is famous for it’s foxy flavours when made into wine
Vitis Labrusca
What is Frontenac
A very cold hardy and mildew resistant hybrid grape variety with vinifera like flavours,bred in University of Minnesota. Found in Red, Gris and Blanc versions
Which grape varieties made into wine are closest relatives of Vitis Sylvestris
Pinot Noir
Gouais Blanc
Savagnin
What is Alicante Bouschet
A crossing of Teinturier grape Petit Bouschet and Grenache
What are proles
Proles are the subdivision of grape varieties by physical characteristics and location of primary cultivation
What are the three proles of Vitis Vinifera
Proles Pontica (Aegean and Black Sea)
Proles Occidentalis (Western Europe)
Proles Orientalis (Middle East)
Name some famous Proles Pontica
Zinfandel
Vermentino
Furmint
Name some famous Proles Orientalis
Cinsault
Muscat
Which chemical compound is responsible for aromatic flavours like rose, lychee and orange blossoms
Monoterpenes
What is the typical method to treat virusinfected cuttings in a nursery
Heat Treatment
Which virus affected the Gingin clone of Chardonnay grown in Australia
Leafroll Virus
What is Koshu
A hybrid of Vitis Vinifera (dominant) and vitis Davidii found in East Asia
Name some beneficial characteristics that rootstocks offer
Phylloxera Resistance
Vigor
Drought tolerence
Pest and disease resistance
adaptation to various soils
Which rootstock grows near river beds, making it low vigour with enough water availability
Vitis Riparia
Which rootstock is best suited for Limestone soils
Vitis Berlandieri, deep roots and draught tolerant
Which rootstock does not propagate from dormant buds and must be bred with another vine
Vitis Berlandieri
Which rootstock is the most draught tolerant
Vitis Rupestris
What happens if Vitis Rupestris rootstock is planted in fertile areas
It grows vigorous canopies
What is Terroir
Qualities that give wine a sense of place
Which climate produces higher yields, warmer or cooler
Warmer climate
What are growing degree days
Average temeparture in a climate between budbreak to harvest
What is a diurnal shift
Difference between day and night temperature
What is continentality
Difference between summer and winter temperatures
What is the major threat in continental climate
Spring and autumn frost
