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KM Master Sommelier Study > Loire Valley > Flashcards

Loire Valley Flashcards

1
Q

Which chemical was initially used to keep Phylloxera at bay, before replantings

A

Carbon disulphide

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2
Q

Which was the most popular grape in Sancerre, pre phylloxera

A

Pinot Noir

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3
Q

Which famous Loire winemaker got imprisoned during Nazi occupation of Loire

A

Gaston Huet

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4
Q

What are Vin Gris in Loire

A

Very pale pink wines - made from Pineau d’Aunis in Cote de Vendemmois and Pinot Gris in Rieully -by very short skin maceration

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5
Q

What are the oldest rocks in france

A

Massif Armorican in Pays Nantais and parts of Anjou Saumur

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6
Q

What is Anjou Noir

A

Dark soils in Anjou, part of Armorican Massif - Granite, gniess, schist, slate and pudding stones are found

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7
Q

What is Anjou Blanc

A

The eastern low lying part of Anjou Saumur that was once under the ocean and has chalky limestone soils

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8
Q

What kind of soils are found in central vineyards

A

Kimmeridgian clays near Sancerre, decomposed volcanoes, schist and granite near the southern part close to Beaujolais

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9
Q

Which is the highest vineyard in Sancerre

A

Les Monts Damnes - 436M

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10
Q

What kind of climate is found in Loire

A

Maritime in Pays Nantais
Temperate Oceanic in Anjou
Continental from Saumur onwards

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11
Q

What are the key viticultural challenges in Loire

A

Frost, hail, autumn rain
Mildew

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12
Q

Which region is the likely birthplace of Sauvignon Blanc

A

Loire valley

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13
Q

Which white wines of Loire are based on Chardonnay

A

White wines of Auvergne
Saint Pourcain (blends - 60%)

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14
Q

Which spanish grape is cabernet franc related to?

A

Hondarrabi Beltza

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15
Q

What is the parentage of Cot/Malbec

A

Magdelaine Noir des Cherantes X Prunelard

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16
Q

Which is the largest AOP in Loire Valley

A

Muscadet AOP

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17
Q

What grapes are used to produce basic Muscadet AOP wines

A

Melon B and max 10% chardonnay

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18
Q

What is the max yield in Muscadet AOP

A

70 hl/ha
55hl/ha for Sur Lie

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19
Q

What are the subzones of Muscadet de Sevre et Maine AOP

A

Clisson,
Gorges,
Le Pallet,
Goulaine,
Mouzillon-Tillières, Monnières-Saint-Fiacre,
Château-Thébaud

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20
Q

What are the soils types in Muscadet de Sevre et Maine AOP subzones

A

Clisson: Granite
Gorges: Clay and gabbro (igneous rock)
Le Pallet: Gneiss, quartz, and gabbro
Goulaine: Gneiss, schist
Mouzillon-Tillières: Gabbro
Monnières-Saint-Fiacre: Gneiss
Château-Thébaud: Gneiss

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21
Q

What are the max permitted yields in Muscadet de Sevre et Maine AOP

A

55 hl/ha
45 hl/ha with subzone designation

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22
Q

What is the min age on the lees to be able to call the wine sur lie

A

Aged on lees until March 1 of the year following harvest. May be bottled off the lees until Dec 31

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23
Q

Why are the subzones not entitled to write sur lie on the label

A

The rules there specify longer ageing on the lees than permitted for sur lie wines

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24
Q

What are the different ages required for subzone designated Muscadet wines

A

Goulaine and Le Pallet: At least till April 1 of the second year following the harvest

Gorges, Clisson, Mouzillon-Tillières, Monnières-Saint-Fiacre, and Château-Thébaud: At least till October 1 of the second year following the harvest

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25
Q

Which other appellation has almost identical boundries as Muscadet Coteaux de la Loire AOP

A

Coteaux d’Ancenis

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26
Q

Where is Muscadet Cotes de Grandlieu located

A

On the shaores of lake Grandlieu

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27
Q

What is the other name for Pinot Gris in Coteaux d’Ancenis AOP

A

Malvoisie - when made semi sweet style

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28
Q

What kind of wines are produced in Coteaux d’Ancenis AOP

A

White wines from 100 % Pinot Gris (may be labeled Malvoisie when semi sweet)
Rose and red wines from mainly Gamay, max 10% Cabernet Franc

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29
Q

What kind of wines are produced in Gros Plant du Pays Nantais AOP

A

mainly 100% white wines from Folle Blanche, sometimes blended with small percentage of colombard

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30
Q

Which grape other than Melon B is aged sur lie in Loire valley

A

Folle Blanche in Gros Plant du Pays Nantais AOP

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31
Q

What are the subzones of Fiefs Vandeens AOP

A

Brem,
Chantonnay,
Mareuil,
Pissotte,
Vix

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32
Q

What kind of wines are produced in Fiefs Vandeens

A

White wines from mainly Chenin with Chardonnay

Rose and red wines from Mainly Gamay and Pinot Noir, with Cabernet Franc and Negrette

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33
Q

Which is the largest subregion of Loire

A

Anjou Saumur - both in wine as well as vineyard area

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34
Q

Which tributaries of Loire contribute to sweet wines on their banks

A

Layon and Aubance

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35
Q

What is the most significant volume production style of Loire

A

Rose wines

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36
Q

What kind of wines are produced in Cabernet d’Anjou AOP

A

Semi sweet rose wines from Cabernet Franc and Cabernet Sauvignon
Minimum 10 g/l RS

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37
Q

What kind of wines are produced in Rose d’Anjou AOP

A

Off dry Rose wines from a blend of Cabernet and Grolleau with Pineau d’Aunis
Minimum 7g/l RS

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38
Q

What kind of wines are made in Rose de Loire AOP

A

Dry Rose with mainly Cabernet, Grolleau, Cot, Pineau d’Aunis and Gamay

Max 3g/l RS

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39
Q

What were the Rouget wines of Anjou

A

Blended light reds from Cabernets, mainstay of Anjou in early 20th century

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40
Q

What kind of wines are produced in Anjou AOP

A

Mainly red wines based on Cabernet and other red grapes of Anjou - 60%
White and sparkling wines based on Chenin Blanc
Gamay d’ Anjou with 100% gamay
Rose sparkling from the red grapes of Anjou

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41
Q

What kind of wines are produced in Anjou Villages AOP & Anjou Brissac AOP

A

Cabernet Franc and Cabernet Sauvignon based red wines only

Anjou Villages - 55 hl/ha
Anjou Brissac - 50 hl/ha

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42
Q

Which other appellation has the same boundary as Anjou Brissac

A

Coteaux de L’Aubance

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43
Q

What are the AOP producing sweet wines in Anjou Saumur

A

Coteaux du Layon
Quart de Chaume Grand Cru
Bonnezeaux
Coteaux de L’Aubance
Coteaux du Saumur
Savennieres
Savennieres Roche aux Moines
Anjou Coteaux de La Loire
Coulee de Serrant

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44
Q

What are the min RS and max yields permitted in Coteaux du Layon AOP

A

Min 34g/l
Max 35 hl/ha

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45
Q

What are the villages permitted to add their names to Coteaux du Layon AOP

A

Beaulieu-sur-Layon,
Rablay-sur-Layon,
Faye-d’Anjou,
Rochefort-sur-Loire,
Saint-Aubin-de-Luigné
Saint-Lambert-du-Lattay

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46
Q

What is the min RS and max yields permitted in Coteaux du Layon AOP with village sub designation

A

Min 51g/l
Max 30 hl/ha

47
Q

Which Coteau du Layon AOP do not allow chaptalisation

A

Chaumee 1er Cru
(Also not allowed in Quart de Chaume GC)

48
Q

Which village is the Chaumee 1er Cru located in?

A

Rochefort sur Loire

49
Q

What is the min RS and max yields permitted in Coteaux du Layon Chaumee 1er Cru AOP

A

Min 80g/l RS
Max 25hl/ha

50
Q

Which is the only Grand Cru in Loire Valley

A

Quarts de Chaume Grand Cru

51
Q

What kind of soils are found in Quarts de Chaume GC

A

Broverian Schist and pudding sandstones

52
Q

What is the min RS and max yields permitted in Quarts de Chaume Grand Cru AOP

A

Max 20hl/ha
Min 85 g/l RS

53
Q

What is the min RS and max yields permitted in Bonnezeaux AOP

A

Min 51g/l RS
Max 25 hl/ha

54
Q

What is the min RS and max yields permitted in Coteaux de L’Aubance and Coteaux de Saumur AOP

A

Min 34g/ RS
Max 35hl/ha

55
Q

What kind of soils are found in Savennieres

A

Shallow top soils
Schist and Volcanic rock underneath
Patches of windblown sand and clay

56
Q

Which region consistantly produces high quality Chenin Blanc getting highest prices in Loire

A

Savennieres

57
Q

What are the sub appellations in Savennieres

A

Savennieres Roche aux Moines
Coulee de Serrant

58
Q

What are the max permitted yields in Savennieres, Roche aux Moines and Coulee de Serrant

A

Savennieres - sec/demi - 50 hl/ha
doux/molleaux 35 hl/ha
Roche aux Moines- sec/demi - 35 hl/ha
doux/molleaux 25 hl/ha
Coulee de Serrant- sec/demi - 30 hl/ha
doux/molleaux 25 hl/ha

59
Q

Which Saumur AOP subzone makes wines based on Cabernet Franc

A

Saumur - Puy Notre Dame

60
Q

What are the key permitted styles and grape varieties on Saumur AOP

A

White - Chenin Blanc 100%
Rose & Rouge - Cabernet Franc (Cab Sauv & Pineau Aunis)
Mousseaux- Chenin, Sauvignon, Cabernet Franc, Gamay, Pinot, Chardonnay

61
Q

Which Chenin Blanc vineyard in Saumur AOP is considered exceptional

A

Breze - Domaine Guiberteau producer

62
Q

What is the other name for Saumur Mousseaux? Which grapes?

A

Fines Bulles - traditional method, min 9 months
Min 60% Chenin or Min 60% Cab Franc for Rose

63
Q

What kind of wines are produced in Cremant de Loire AOP

A

Sparkling Blanc and Rose wines - 9 months on the lees, traditional method, hand harvested

64
Q

What is Saumur Puy Notre Dame

A

60hectare vineyards at the highest point in region, red wines with min 85% Cabernet Franc, 12% min alc

65
Q

What kind of wines are produced in Saumur Champigny

A

Red wines with min 85% Cabernet Franc with Cab Sauc and Pineau d’Aunis

66
Q

Who is the most famous producer of Saumur Champigny

A

Clos Rougeard

67
Q

What kind of soils are found in Saumur Champigny

A

Clay and Touffeau limestone

68
Q

Which rivers border Saumur Champigny

A

Loire and Thouet

69
Q

What kind of wines are produced in Haut Poitou AOP

A

Sauvignon (Blanc & Gris) based white wines
Red and Rose wines from mainly Cabernet Franc with Gamay Pinot Noir and others

70
Q

What are the main grapes in Touraine AOP

A

Sauvignon Blanc for white
Cabernet Franc, Gamay and Cot for reds
Varietal Gamay wines are also produced

71
Q

What are the subzones of Touraine AOP

A

Amboise,
Mesland,
Azay-le-Rideau,
Oisly,
Chenonceaux

72
Q

Which is the largest subzone of Touraine AOP? What kind of wines does it make

A

Touraine Chenonceaux
White wines from SB
Red wines mainly from Cot, with some Cab Franc

73
Q

Which Touraine AOP subzones make Chenin Blanc based white wines

A

Touraine Amboise,
Touraine Mesland,
Touraine Azay-le-Rideau,

74
Q

What kind of wines are produced in Bourgueil and St Nicolas de Bourgueil

A

Cabernet Franc based red and Rose wines with Cab Sauv at max 10%

75
Q

What are the two soil types and styles in Bourgueil

A

Tuffeau and clay soils producing ageworthy, rich wines
Sandy gravel soils producing light easy drinking wines

76
Q

Which is the largest red wine producing appellation of Loire

A

Chinon AOP (Also allows White and Rose)

77
Q

Which two rivers flow in Chinon AOP

A

Vienne and Loire

78
Q

Which soil grows the best reds in Chinon

A

Coteaux with Tuffeau mixed clay soils and slopes grows the best reds in Chinon

79
Q

Name some famous Chinon Vineyards

A

Le Clos de l’Olive,
Le Chêne Vert,
La Croix Boissée

80
Q

What is Perruches in Vouvray

A

Clay flint top soil on Tuffeau is called Perruches in Vouvray

81
Q

What are the permitted grapes in Vouvray

A

Chenin Blanc with upto 5% Orboise (Arboise)

82
Q

What is the main produce of Vouvray

A

60% sparkling wines, 40% still (mainly exported)

83
Q

What is Sec Tendre Vouvray

A

An unofficial style between Sec and Demi sec with subtle sweetness and better texture

84
Q

What are the max permitted RS for Vouvray styles

A

Vouvray sec 8 g/l
demi-sec 9-18 g/l
moelleux 18- 45 g/l
doux 45 g/l+

85
Q

Which two rivers sandwich Montlouis Sur Loire AOP

A

Loire and Cher rivers

86
Q

What are Vin Mousseux á Fermentation Unique in Montlouis AOP

A

Pet Nat wines aged for 9 months on the lees, post single fermentation in the bottle, must be disgorged.

87
Q

What kind of wines are produced in Cheverny AOP

A

White wines with mainly SB with some Chardonnay and Chenin
Red and Rose wines with PN and some Gamay

88
Q

What is the main grape of Couer Cheverny

A

Romarantin 100% (White wines)

89
Q

What is the exclusive grape permitted in Jasniere AOP

A

Chenin Blanc

90
Q

What kind of wines are produced in Coteaux de Vandomois

A

White wines from Chenin Blanc
Rose and Light Red wines from Pineau d’Aunis

91
Q

Which region is the likely birthplace of Sauvignon Blanc

A

Sancerre in Loire Valley

92
Q

What are the key soil types in Sancerre

A

Terre Blanche - Limestone Marl and Clay soils: Complex full bodied wines
Caillottes - Limestone pebbles and clay; soft and fruity wines
Silex - Flint soils: powerfull and slightly bitter wines

93
Q

Who is the famous producer in La Chene Marchand vineyard in Sancerre

A

Lucien Crochet
Pascal Jolivet also makes one

94
Q

Vingt Mille Pieds Sous Sancerre Rose is produced by which producer

A

Alphonse Mellot

95
Q

What is the min Alc required and max yield permitted in Sancerre

A

10.5%
White - 65hl/ha
Rose 63hl/ha
Red 59hl/ha

96
Q

Whay was Sauvignon Blanc called Sauvignon Fume/Blanc Fume

A

because the berries developed a harmless, smoke-colored bloom at maturity

97
Q

Which village in Pouilly fume at highest elevation is home to Didier Dageneau

A

Saint-Andelain

98
Q

What kind of wines are produced in Pouilly Sur Loire AOP

A

Chasselas based white wines

99
Q

Which notable Pouilly Fume producers make good Pouilly Sur Loire wines

A

Michel Redde
Jonathan Pabiot

100
Q

Which appellation has the most organic vineyards in Central vineyards

A

Menetou Salon - white rose and red wines from SB and PN, like Sancerre

101
Q

Which central vineyards appellation except Pouilly Fume focuses entirely on white wines from Sauvignon Blanc only

102
Q

What kind of wines are produced in Reuilly AOP

A

White wines from SB
Rose from PN and PInot Gris
Reds from PN

103
Q

What kind of wines are produced in Coteau de Giennoise AOP

A

White wines from SB
Rose and reds from Gamay and PN

104
Q

What kind of wines are produced in Orleans AOP

A

White wines from mainly Chardonnay with Pinot Gris
Rose and red from Mainly Pinot Meunier

105
Q

What kind of wines are produced in Orleans Clery AOP

A

Red wines only from Cabernet Franc 100%

106
Q

Which four appellations make up the central France region in loire

A

Saint-Pourçain,
Côtes d’Auvergne,
Côtes du Forez,
Côte Roannaise

107
Q

What kind of wines are produced in Saint Pourcain AOP

A

Red wines from mainly Gamay with Pinot Noir
Rose with 100% Gamay
White wines from Mainly Chardonnay with Trasselier (Sacy)

108
Q

What is the other name for Sacy in Central France

A

Tressalier

109
Q

What kind of wines are permitted in Cotes de Auvergne AOP

A

Reds and Roses from Gamay and Pinot Noir
White wines from 100% Chardonnay

110
Q

What kind of soils are found in Cotes de Auvergne AOP

A

Volcanic Soils

111
Q

Which Cotes de Auvergne cru makes only Rose wines from Volcanic Ash soils

112
Q

Which Cotes de Auvergne crus are authorised for only red wines

A

Boudes,
Madargue,
Chanturgue,
Châteaugay

113
Q

What kind of wines ar eproduced in Cotes de Forez and Cote Roannaise AOPs

A

Red and Rose wines only from Gamay - 100%

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