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KM Master Sommelier Study > Portugal > Flashcards

Portugal Flashcards

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1
Q

Which country rivals France for highest per capita wine consumption in the world

A

Portugal

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2
Q

When was Madeira archipalego discovered by Portugal

A

1419

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3
Q

What was the nickname given to port in 17th century by British

A

Blackstrap

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4
Q

Which abbaye in Douro valley was practicing Mutage in 17th century, discovered by British

A

Lamego, abbot of Lamego practiced mutage in 1678

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5
Q

When did the trade embargo on French wines began in Britain, popularising Portuguese wines

A

1679

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6
Q

Which was the first established port shipper

A

Kopke, 1638.

Established by German Christiano Kopke

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7
Q

What are the classification levels of Portuguese wines

A

DOP - Denominacao de Origem Protegida (DOC earlier)
IGP - Indicacao Geografica Protegida (VR formerly)
Vinho (Vinho de mesa earlier)
IPR catagory was eliminated and all promoted to DOP in 2011

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8
Q

What does Portuguese DOP regulates

A

Allowed styles of wines
Max Yields
Min alcohol
Ageing

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9
Q

What does IGP catagory in Portugal regulates

A

Min 85% of red grapes grown in the region
Permitted varietals (Larger range than DOP)
Min alcohol

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10
Q

How many DOP’s and IGP’s exist in Portugal

A

14 IGP’s

31 DOP’s

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11
Q

Name the 14 IGP’s of Portugal, North to South

A 
Minho
Transmontano
Duriense
Terras do Dao
Terras do Cister
Terras do Beira
Beira Atlantico
Tejo
Lisboa
Alentejano
Peninsula de Setubal
Algarve
Terras Madeirenses
Acores
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12
Q

What does the term Garrafeira on Portuguese table wines mean

A

Tinto- Min 30 months ageing, 12 in bottle

Branco and Rosado - min 12 months ageing, 6 in bottle

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13
Q

What does Garrafeira means for Port

A

Produced by Niepoort Family
Colheita styled vintage port
Aged in wood from 3 to 6 years
Further aged in glass demijohns for min 8 years, usually much more

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14
Q

What does Reserva means on a still wine bottle in Portugal

A

Min 0.5% higher alcohol than the legal minimum of the DOP or IGP
Stricter requirements from individual DOP’s may supersede this

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15
Q

What does Reserva means on a sparkling wine bottle in Portugal

A

Min 12 months on the lees prior to disgorgement

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16
Q

What does Colheita Seleccionada means on a bottle of a still wine in Portugal

A

Min 1% higher alcohol than the regional appellation

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17
Q

Which are the most planted red and white casta of portugal

A

Tinta Roriz/Aragonez/Tempranillo

Fernao Pires/Maria Gomez

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18
Q

What is the popular grape of Periquita brand? Who makes it

A

Castelao - a red grape producing full bodied, tannic wines with meaty, red fruit aromas
Jose Maria de Fonseca produces Periquita wine

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19
Q

What is the portuguese name for Mencia grape

A

Jaen

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20
Q

What are the synonyms of Touriga Nacional

A

Bical Tinto

Mortagua Preto

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21
Q

What is the synonym of Trincadeira

A

Tinta Amarela

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22
Q

What is the name used for Sercial of Madeira on the Portuguese mainland

A

Esgana Cao

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23
Q

What is the DOP in Minho IGP

A

Vinho Verde DOP

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24
Q

What training system is used in Vinho Verde/Minho

A

Enforcado (Pergola style, growing on stakes, farming as canopy)

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25
Q

What are the benefits of Enforcado system

A

Reduces fungal diseases in a wet climate

Gives space to grow another crop under the canopy

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26
Q

What kind of soils and climate are found in Vinho Verde

A

Cool, rainy, Atlantic influenced climate
Gentler slopes of shallow granitic soils
Steeper terraced vineyards inland and in mountains

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27
Q

Which subregion of Vinho Verde is known for varietal Alvarinho wines

A

Moncao e Melgaco

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28
Q

Which is the most planted grape in Vinho Verde

A

Lourinho

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29
Q

What is the name of Arinto in Vinho Verde

A

Paderna

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30
Q

What makes the gentle sparkle possible in the still wines of Vinho Verde

A

CO2 injection prior to bottling, red wines from malolactic fermentation in the bottle.

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31
Q

What are the subregions of Vinho Verde DOP

A 
Moncao e Melgaco
Lima
Cavado
Basto
Ave Amarante
Sousa
Baiao
Paiva
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32
Q

Which subregions of Vinho Verde are south of Douro river

A

Baiao

Paiva

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33
Q

What styles are permitted in Vinho Verde DOP

A

White, Rose and Reds. Late harvest, sparkling and varietal Alvarinho in Moncao e Melgaco

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34
Q

What is the min RS required in Vinho Verde DOP Vendimia Tardia wines

A

45g/l

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35
Q

What are the main varietals used for White and Red Vinho Verde

A

Loureiro, followed by Trajadura, Avesso, Paderna and Alvarinho
Reds from Vinhao (Teinturier) Espadeiro, Borracal and Alvarelhao

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36
Q

What is the DOP region in Transmontano IGP

A

Tras os Montes DOP

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37
Q

What are the 3 non contiguous sub regions of Tras os Montes DOP

A

Chaves
Valpacos
Planalto Mirandes

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38
Q

What kind of climate is found in Transmontano

A

Dry, hot and mountainous, some high altitude vineyards preserve acidity
Schist and granite soils

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39
Q

Which other region was previously included in Transmontano IGP

A

Douro/Porto

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40
Q

What are the styles permitted in Tras os Montes DOP

A

All styles, Red, Rose, White, Sparkling and Fortified permitted

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41
Q

What are the different styles of Vinho Espumante in Tras os Montes DOP

A

DOP - 9 months ageing
Reserva - 12 to 24 months
Extra Reserva - 24 to 36 months
Reserva Velha/Grande Reserva - Min 3 years

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42
Q

What are the different grapes permitted in Tras os Montes

A

White: Fernao Pires, Siria, Viosinho, Gouveio, Rabigato
Red: Touriga Nacional, Tinta Roriz, Bastardo (Trousseau)

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43
Q

Which IGP covers Douro and Porto DOPs

A

Duriense IGP

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44
Q

Which mountain ranges are found in Douro

A

Marao

Montemuro

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45
Q

What kind of geography and climate are found in Douro

A

Mountainous region becoming drier towards the east
Schist and granite based soils
Steep slopes with terraced vineyards
Severely hot summers and cold winters

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46
Q

What are the subzones of Douro DOP

A

Baixo Corgo
Cima Corgo
Douro Superiore

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47
Q

What wines are produced in Douro DOP

A

White, Rose, Red, Sparkling and Moscatel de Douro (Fortified)

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48
Q

What is the min ageing and alcohol required for Moscatel de Douro wines

A

18 months

Min 16.5% alc

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49
Q

What are the key red and white grapes of Douro

A

Reds: Touriga Nacional, Touriga Franca, Tinta Roriz, Tinta Cao and Tinta Barocca
White: Malvasia Fina, Viosinho, Rabigato, Gouveio

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50
Q

Which red wine in 1952 pioneered the dry wine catagory in Douro

A

Barca Velha - Ferreira (owned by Sogrape)

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51
Q

Which quinta in Douro Superiore established itself for dry wines, after supplying fruit for Barca Velha initially

A

Quinta do Vale Meao

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52
Q

Which grape is used for Moscatel do Douro wines

A

Moscatel Galego

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53
Q

What are the min alcohol required in Douro

A
  1. 5% for white and rose, 11% for reds

11. 5% for reserva white and rose, 12% for reserva reds

54
Q

What are the criteria to follow for alcohol and ageing of reserva and grande reserva wines in Douro

A

Reserva: Min 1% extra alcohol than DOP min (11.5 for white and rose, 12 for reds)
Min 6 months ageing for white/rose, 1 yr for reds
Grande Reserva: All reservas that score exceptionally well in blind tasting can be labelled Grande Reserva

55
Q

What are the 4 IGPs carved out of former Beiras IGP

A

Terras do Dao
Terras do Cister
Terras de Beira
Beira Atlantico

56
Q

What are the DOPs in Terras do Dao IGP

A

Dao DOP

Lafoes DOP

57
Q

What kind of geography and climate is found in Dao DOP

A

Sheltered by 3 mountain ranges, protected from harsh continental winds
Insulated from cool maritime winds from coast as well as the wet weather
Hot and dry in growing season, rainfall in winters
High elevation vineyards at 400 - 500 m
Granitic soils

58
Q

What are the 7 subregions of Dao

A 
Serra de Estrella
Alva
Besteiros
Castendo
Silgueiros
Terras de Azurara
Terras de Senhorim
59
Q

What styles of wines are permitted in Dao

A

Red, white, rose and sparkling

Mainly reds are produced

60
Q

What are the major grapes in Dao

A

Reds: Touriga Nacional, Jaen, Touriga Franca, Alfocheiro, Aragonez, Bastardo
Whites: Encruzado, Bical, Cercial

61
Q

Which international grapes are permitted with conditions in Dao

A

Red: Cabernet Sauvignon, Pinot Noir
White: Semillon, Pinot Blanc
Allowed if planted earlier than 1993 and may be less than 40% of the blend. No replantings allowed

62
Q

What is the min alc required for wines in Dao

A 
Branco, Tinto and Rosado - 11%
Riserva - 11.5%
Garrafeira: 11.5%
Nobre Branco - 12%
Nobre Rosado and Tinto - 13%
Nobre Riserva/Garrafeira Branco - 12.5%
Nobre Riserva/Garrafeira Tinto and Rosado - 13.5%
63
Q

What is the min ageing required for Branco Dao

A

Branco - None
Branco Riserva - 6 months
Branco Garrafeira, Nobre, Nobre Riserva - 12 months
Branco Nombre Garrafeira - 18 months

64
Q

What are the min ageing requirements of Tinto and Rosado wines in Dao

A 
Tinto and Rosado - 8 months
Riserva - 24 months
Garrafeira and Nobre - 36 months
Nobre Riserva - 42 months
Nobre Garrafeira - 48 months
65
Q

What kind of wines are permitted in Lafoes DOP

A

Branco and Tinto

66
Q

What are the key grape varieties in Lafoes DOP

A

Tinto: Amaral, Jaen and Pilango
Branco: Arinto, Cercial

67
Q

Which is the DOP region in Beira Atlantico IGP

A

Bairrada DOP

68
Q

What are the subzones of Beira Atlantico

A

Terras de Sico

69
Q

What kind of climate and geography are found in Bairrada DOP

A

Mild continental climate with good rainfall
Clay soils, predominently used for red grapes
Sandy soils used for white grapes

70
Q

What kind of wines are permitted in Bairrada DOP

A

White, rose, red, sparkling and fortified

71
Q

What are the key grapes grown and used in Bairrada wines

A

Reds - Mainly Baga with Touriga Nacional, Castelao, Jaen and Alfocheiro
Whites - Maria Gomez (Fernao Pires) with Arinto

72
Q

What is Bairrada Clasico

A

White and red wines can be labeled classico if they follow
White: 12% alc and 12 months ageing, 6 in bottle
Reds: 12.5% alc and 30 months ageing, 12 in bottle

73
Q

Which DOP is directly south of Douro river and north of Terras do Dao, famous for it’s sparkling wines

A

Tavora Varosa DOP

74
Q

Which IGP is Tavora Varosa located in

A

Terras do Cister

75
Q

What kind of soils are found in Tavora Varossa

A

Granitic soils

76
Q

What styles are permitted in Tavora Varossa

A

Mainly sparkling whites and red

Still whites, rose and reds also permitted

77
Q

What are the main grapes used for sparkling wines in Tavora Varossa

A

White: Bical, Arinto, Chardonnay, Fernao Pires
Reds: Alvarelhao, Aragonez, Pinot Noir, Barca

78
Q

Which is the DOP region in Terras do Beira IGP

A

Beira Interior DOP

79
Q

What are the subregions in Beira Interior DOP

A

Cova de Beira
Pinhel
Beira Castelo Rodrigo

80
Q

What are the grapes of Beira Interior, permitted for seleccio wines

A

Red: Mim 80% combined Aragonez, Bastardo, Rufete, Touriga Nacional and Trincadeira
Whites: Min 80% combined Arinto, Malvasia Fina, Siria, Bical and Tamarez

81
Q

What is the additional alcohol and ageing requirement in Seleccao wines of Beira Interior DOP

A

1% extra alcohol (12% for whites, 13% for reds)
6 months ageing for whites
12 months ageing for reds

82
Q

What are the DOP’s in Lisboa IGP

A 
Encostas de Aire
Lourinha
Obidos
Torres Vedras
Alenquer
Arruda
Colares
Bucelas
Carcavelos
83
Q

What are the subzones in northern half of Lisboa IGP

A

Alta Estremadura
Estremadura
Both overlapped by Encostas de Aires DOP

84
Q

Which DOP of Lisboa produces Aguardente

A

Lourinha

85
Q

Which DOP’s are closest to the capital city Lisbon

A

Bucelas
Colares
Carcavelos

86
Q

Which DOP makes medieval d’ Ourem. What is it?

A

A cofermented wine made with 80% Fernao Pires and 20% Trincadeira made in Ourem subzone in Encostas d’ Aire DOP

87
Q

What are the subzones of Encostas d’ Aire DOP

A

Ourem

Alcobaca

88
Q

What kind of wines are produced in Bucelas

A

White wines and sparkling wines

Min 75% Arinto, plus Sercial and Rubo de Ovelha

89
Q

What kind of soils are found in Bucelas

A

Sandy Loam soils

90
Q

What kind of soils are found in Colares DOP

A

Chao de Areia - sandy soils famous for growing red Ramisco grape
Chao Rija - Clay soils for primarily Castelao and Malvasia

91
Q

What are the key grape varieties and ageing required for Colares wines

A

Reds - Ramisco mainly with Castelao (18 in wood, 6 in btl)

Whites - Malvasia mainly (6 in wood, 3 in bottle)

92
Q

What kind of wines are produced in Carcavelos

A

Fortified wines - both red and white

93
Q

What is the min RS and ageing required for Carcavelos DOP and wines

A

150 g/l RS, 30 months ageing - 24 in wood, 6 in bottle

Min alcohol 15% (22% max)

94
Q

What are the authorised grapes for Carcavelos

A

Reds - min 75% Castelao and Preto Martinho

Whites - Min 75% Arinto, Ratinho and Galego Dourado

95
Q

What are the vinho abafado in Carcavelos

A

Partially fermented musts preserved with alcohol, used for fortification and sweetening of Carcavelos wines

96
Q

Which IGP was formerly known as Terras do Sado

A

Peninsula de Setubal IGP

97
Q

What are the DOP’s in Peninsula de Setubal IGP

A

Setubal DOP

Palmela DOP

98
Q

Which two river estuaries are defining features of Peninsula de Setubal

A

Tagus Estuary

Sado estuary

99
Q

What kind of climate and geography is found in Peninsula de Setubal

A

Mediterranean climate
Low lying sandy plains in east of Palmela
Clay limestone lower slopes of Arrabida mountains

100
Q

What are the key varietals used for producing wines in Palmela DOP

A

Reds: Min 66.7% Castelao with other Portuguese and International red grapes
Whites: Typically high proportion of Fernao Pires and Arinto with many Portuguese and international varietals

101
Q

Which other Portuguese fortified wine other than Madeira is known for Torna Viagem ageing

A

Vinhos Licoroso of Setubal

102
Q

Who is the largest and most known producer of Setubal DOP

A

J. M. de Fonseca

103
Q

What creates the pungent floral fragrance in Setubal fortified wines

A

Lengthy maceration on Muscat skins

104
Q

What grapes are traditionally used in producing Setubal DOP wines

A

Reds: Min 75% Moscatel Galago Roxo with Aragonez, Castelao, Touriga Nacional
Whites: Min 67% Moscatel de Setubal with Arinto, Fernao Pires

105
Q

What are the min alc and RS required in Setubal

A

Min 16% (22% max)
280 g/l upto 20 years age
340 g/l for wines over 20 years age

106
Q

What are the catagories and ageing designations of Setubal

A

Normal - min 18 months
Superior - min 5 years
10/20/30/40+ years old

107
Q

Which river passes through both Tejo and Alentejo

A

Tagus river

108
Q

What is the sole DO of Tejo IGP

A

DoTejo DOP

109
Q

What was the former name of DoTejo DOP

A

Ribatejo

110
Q

What are the subregions of Do Tejo DOP

A 
Coruche
Chamusca
Cartaxo
Santarem
Tomar
Almeirim
111
Q

What are the key grapes in Tejo IGP

A

Castelao for reds

Fernao Pires for white

112
Q

Which IGP covers the largest landmass on Portuguese mainland

A

Alentejano IGP

113
Q

What kind of geography and climate is found in Alentejano IGP

A

Mostly arid plains requiring irrigation
Sandy alluvial soils
Hot continental climate

114
Q

Which subregion of Alentejo DOP is considered the best? Why?

A

Portalegre

Due to its location on cooler, granitic slopes of Sao Memede mountain range

115
Q

What are the subregions of Alentejo DOP

A 
Portalegre
Borba
Redondo
Reguengos
Vidiguiera
Evora
Granja Amareleja
Moura
116
Q

What is Vinho de Talha in Alentejo DOP

A

Wines fermented in clay Amphorae can be labeled as Vinho de Talha in Alentejo DOP

117
Q

Which is the most prominent grape of Alentejo DOP

A

Trincadeira (Tinta Amarela)

118
Q

Which other wine related crop is Alentejano known for

A

Quercus Suber (Cork Tree)

119
Q

What are the DOPs of Algarve IGP

A

Lagos
Lagoa
Portimao
Tavira

120
Q

What are the key grapes in Algarve

A

Reds: Castelao, Tinta Negra and Trincadeira
Whites: Arinto, Malvasia and Siria (Roupeiro)

121
Q

What kind of climate is found in Algarve

A

Hot seaside climate, not suitable for fine wines

122
Q

Which IGP and DOP cover dry wines of Madeira

A

Terras Madeirenses IGP

Madeirense DOP

123
Q

Which group of islands other than Madeira is known for producing wines in Portugal

A

Acores (Azores)

Encompasses 9 islands (3 have DOP’s)

124
Q

What are the DOP’s in Acores IGP

A

Pico
Graciosa
Biscoitos

125
Q

What kind of wines are DOP’s of Acores known for

A

Pico and Biscoitos are known for their fortified white wines

Graciosa is mainly known for dry white wines

126
Q

What kind of geography and climate is found on Acores islands

A

Warm mediterranean climate

Volcanic soils

127
Q

Which is the highest point in Portugal for viticulture

A

Pico island, apex at the volcano - 7500 ft

128
Q

What particular structures on Pico islands save the vines from the sea winds

A

Walls hewn from Volcanic stones

129
Q

What are the main grapes of Acores

A

Verdelho
Arinto de Acores
Terrantes de Pico

130
Q

What is the min ageing required for fortified wines in Pico

A

24 months in wood

131
Q

Which DOP is on the island of Terceira

A

Biscoitos DOP

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