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KM Master Sommelier Study > Central Italy > Flashcards

Central Italy Flashcards

1
Q

Which wine was the favourite of Dante Alighieri

A

Vernaccia di San Gimignano

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2
Q

When was the Chianti zone delimited

A

1716, done by Cosimo III de Medici

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3
Q

What was the old squat, straw covered Chianti bottle called

A

Fiasco

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4
Q

When was Sassicaia first released commercially

A

1968 - released in 1971

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5
Q

Which was the first vintage of Tignanello

A

1971 - realeased in 1974

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6
Q

How many DOCG’s exist in Tuscany

A

11 DOCG

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7
Q

What are the 11 DOCG’s of Tuscany

A 
Brunello di Montalino
Carmignano
Chianti
Chianti Classico
Elba Aleatico Passito
Montecucco Sangiovese
Morellino di Scansano
Val di Cornia
Suvereto
Vernaccia di San Gimignano
Vino Nobile di Montepulciano
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8
Q

What kind of climate do you find in Tuscany

A

Dry, mediterranean climate

Long and hot summers, harsh winters

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9
Q

What was the common vessel for ageing Sangiovese

A

Large Slavonian oak casks

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10
Q

What objectives did Colorino and Canaiolo achieve when blended with Sangiovese

A

Colorino - to add colour and power

Canaiolo - to soften Sangiovese’s hard attack and give floral, softer aromas

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11
Q

What was Chianti classico 2000 project

A

Started in 1987, it was a clonal research project on Sangiovese, to find higher quality clones

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12
Q

What is the name of Montepulciano clone of Sangiovese

A

Prugnolo Gentile

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13
Q

Which DOC region in Chianti Rufina permits higher percentage of International grapes and varietal bottlings

A

Pomino DOC

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14
Q

Which producers use Pomino DOC for their wines

A

Fattoria Selvapiana

Marchesi Frescobaldi

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15
Q

What year was Chianti elevetade to DOCG

A

1984

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16
Q

Who defined the classic blend of Chianti in 19th century

A

Baron Bettino Ricasoli

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17
Q

Which 4 villages are referred to as original Chianti villages, now part of Classico zone

A 
Radda
Gaiole
Castellina
Greve
All of them add in Chianti to their names now
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18
Q

What are the subzones of Chianti

A 
Rufina (Firenze)
Colli Fiorentini  (Firenze)
Montespertoli (Firenze)
Montalbano (Prato, Pistoria, Firenze)
Colli Senesi (Sienna)
Colli Aretini (Arezzo)
Colline Pisane (Pisa)
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19
Q

What is the varietal composition permitted in Chianti

A

70-100% Sangiovese
Max 30% other grapes
Max 10% White grapes
Max 15% combined Cabernet Sauvignon and Franc

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20
Q

Which Chianti subzone has a different varietal composition than the rest

A 
Colli Senesi
75 - 100% Sangiovese 
No white grapes, 
max 25% others
max 10% Cabernet Sauvignon and Franc
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21
Q

What is the minimum alcohol required in Chianti

A

Chianti - 11.5%

Chianti Riserva - 12%

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22
Q

Which subzones of Chianti need 12% alcohol for Normale

A

Colli Fiorentini
Colli Senesi
Montespertoli
Rufina

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23
Q

Which zubzone of Chianti needs its riservas to be at min 13% alc

A

Colli Senesi

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24
Q

What are the ageing requirements for Chianti

A

Chianti - March 1 of next year release
Superiore - Sept 1 of next year
Riserva - min 2 yrs from Jan 1

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25
Q

Which subzone requires 3 months extra ageing for its Chianti

A

Montespertoli

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26
Q

Which subzones want their Chiantis to be aged 6 months extra, like superiore in others

A

Colli Fiorentini

Rufina

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27
Q

Which subzones specify min 6 months wood ageing for Chianti Riserva

A

Colli Fiorentini Riserva

Rufina Riserva

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28
Q

Which Chianti subzone specify 8 months wood and 4 months bottle ageing for it’s reservas

A

Colli Senesi Riserva

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29
Q

What are the max permitted yields in Chianti

A

9 tons/ha
8 tons/ha for subzones
7.5 tons/ha for Superiore

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30
Q

What are the common soil types in Chianti Classico

A

Galestro - soft friable marl like soil

Albarese - sandstone soils

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31
Q

Which soil type in Chianti classico is considered better for Sangiovese

A

Galestro

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32
Q

What are the communes of Chianti Classico

A 
In Siena:-
Radda
Gaiole
Castellina
Castelnuove Berrardenga
Poggibonsi
In Firenze:-
Greve
Barberino (Val d'Elsa)
San Casciano (Val di Pesa)
Tavernelle (Val di Pesa)
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33
Q

What are the permitted varieties in Chianti Classico

A

Sangiovese - 80 - 100%
Others - Max 20%
No white varieties

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34
Q

What are the min alcohol and max yields permitted in Chianti Classico

A

Classico - 12%, 7.5 tons/ha
Riserva - 12.5%, 7.5 tons/ha
Gran Selezione - 13%, 7.5 tons/ha

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35
Q

What are the min ageing requirements for Chianti Classico

A

Classico - 1 year (Oct 1 release)
Riserva - 2 year, 3 months in bottle
Gran Selezione - 30 months, 3 months in bottle

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36
Q

Which classification of Chianti Classico is limited to only estate fruit

A

Gran Selezione

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37
Q

Who invented Brunello style

A

Clemente Santi of Tenuta Greppo

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38
Q

Which was the first vintage of Biondi Santi Brunello di Montalcino

A

1865

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39
Q

Which was the first iconic Brunelli di Montalcino Riserva vintage from Biondi Santi

A

1888

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40
Q

Which other DOCG overlaps Brunello di Montalcino

A

Chianti Colli Senesi

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41
Q

What kind of soils are found in Brunello

A

Galestro soils in high altitude vineyards
Clay based soils in southern reaches
Fossilised Marine deposits scattered in the vineyards

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42
Q

Which producers represent the traditional wine making in Brunello di Montalcino

A

Biondi Santi
Talenti
Soldera

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43
Q

Which producers believe in small casks to flesh out their Brunellos

A

Casanova di Neri

Mastrojanni

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44
Q

Which unofficial subzones of Brunello (Frazioni) provide distinction in their wines

A

Sant Angelo in Colle
Castelnuovo Abata
Torrenieri

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45
Q

Which DOC is applicable to younger wines of Brunello with an early release

A

Rosso di Montalcino DOC - 1 year ageing

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46
Q

Which DOC is applicable for super Tuscan style wines with international grapes and blends in Brunello di Montalcino

A

Sant Antimo DOC

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47
Q

What is the minimum alcohol and max yield permitted in Brunello di Montalcino

A

12.5% alc
8 tons/ha
Bordeaux bottle and cork stoppers only permitted

48
Q

What are the ageing requirements in Brunello di Montalcino

A

Brunello - Min 2 years in wood, 4 months in bottle, release on Jan 1 on 5th year
Riserva - Min 2 years in wood, 6 months in bottle, release on Jan 1 of 6th year

49
Q

What grape variety and style of wine is produced in Moscadello di Montalcino

A

Min 85% Moscato Bianco

White still, sparkling and late harvest wines produced

50
Q

What are the permitted grape varieties in Vino Nobile di Montepulciano

A

Min 70% Sangiovese
Max 30% combined others (both red and white grapes)
Max 5% white varieties and Malvasia Bianca

51
Q

What are the min ageing, alcohol and permitted yields in Vino Nobile de Montepulciano

A

Yields at 8 tons/ha for all catagories
Nobile - 12.5%, 24 months (24 in wood, or 18 in wood and 6 alternative, or 12 in wood, 6 in alternative and 6 in bottle)
Riserva: 13%, 3 years, at least 6 months in bottle

52
Q

What grape variety and ageing is required for Rosso di Montalcino DOC

A

Sangiovese 100%, min 1 year ageing, 12% alc, 9 tons/ha max yields

53
Q

What are the single vineyard wines of Rosso di Montalcino DOC designated as

A

Vigna, max yields reduced to 8 tons/ha

54
Q

Which Maremma coastal area has a DOCG for Sangiovese based wines

A

Morellino di Scansano DOCG

55
Q

What are the permitted varieties in Morellino di Scansano DOCG

A

Min 85% Sangiovese (Morellino)

Max 15% others

56
Q

What are the min alc, ageing and yields required for Morellino di Scansano

A

Morellino - 12.5%, 6 months ageing, 9 tons/ha

Riserva - 13%, 2 years ageing, 1 in wood, 9 tons/ha

57
Q

What are the permitted varieties for Montecucco Sangiovese DOCG

A

Min 90% Sangiovese

Max 10% others

58
Q

What are the ageing requirements for the wines of Montecucco Sangiovese DOCG

A

Montecucco: April 1 of the second year after harvest (Min. 1 year in oak and 4 months in bottle)
Riserva: September 1 of the third year after harvest (Min. 24 months in oak and 6 months in bottle)

59
Q

Which Chianti Region does Carmignano DOCG overlaps

A

Chianti Montalbano

60
Q

What are the permitted varieties in Carmignano

A

Min 50% Sangiovese
10-20% Cabernet Sauvignon and Franc
Max 10% other white grapes of Chianti
Max 10% other red grapes

61
Q

What are the ageing requirements of Carmignano

A

Carmignano: Min 8 months in Oak or chestnut barrels
Riserva: min 12 months in oak or chestnut barrels

62
Q

Which subzone of Val di Cornia is awarded a seperate DOCG

A

Suvereto DOCG

63
Q

Which style of wines are awarded a DOC in Val di Cornia

A

Bianco: 50% Vermentino
Rosato: 40% Sangiovese
Passito: Aleatico and Ansonica, varietal wines

64
Q

What are the varietals needed for Val di Cornia DOCG reds

A

Min 40% Sangiovese
Max 60% Merlot and Cabernet Sauvignon
Max 20% others

65
Q

What are the minimum alcohol and ageing needed for Val di Cornia DOCG reds

A

Rosso: 12.5%, 6 months ageing

Riserva - 13%, 2 years ageing, 18 months in oak, 6 in bottle

66
Q

What kind of wines are permitted in Suvereto DOCG

A

Rosso blended with Cabernet Sauvignon and Merlot, max 15% others
Varietal reds with Sangiovese, Merlot and Cabernet Sauvignon at min 85% of the grape mentioned on the label.

67
Q

Which super Tuscan uses 100% Cabernet Franc

A

Le Macchiole Paleo Rosso

68
Q

Which were the first few 100% Sangiovese Supe Tuscans

A

San Felice Vigorello
Montvertine Le Pergole Torte
Isole e Olena Ceparello

69
Q

Which grapes are used for Bolgheri DOC white wines

A 
Vermentino - 70% max
Sauvignon - 40% max
Trebbiano Toscano - 40% max
Others - 30% max
Varietal Vermentino and Sauvignon Blanc also permitted
70
Q

What kind of grapes are allowed in Bolgheri DOC Rosso

A

Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot and Cabernet Franc allowed upto 100%
Syrah and Sangiovese allowed upto 50%
Other reds permitted upto 30%

71
Q

What are the ageing requirements for Bolgheri Rosso DOC

A

Rosso: 1 year
Superiore: 2 years, min 1 year in oak

72
Q

What are the grapes used and ageing requirements in Bolgheri Sassicaia DOC

A

Min 80% Cabernet Sauvignon, Max 20% others

Min 2 years ageing, 18 months in 225 L barriques

73
Q

What kind of wines on Elba island have DOCG status

A

Passito wines from Aleatico grape (linked to muscat, red mutation), sweet red wines

74
Q

Which is the only white wine DOCG of Tuscany

A

Vernaccia di San Gimignano

75
Q

What kind of soils are found in Vernaccia di San Gimignano

A

Sandy, rock strewn soils

76
Q

Which grapes are used commonly in making Vin Santo in Tuscany

A

Trebbiano and Malvasia, mostly
Grechetto and Garganega permitted sometimes
Rose versions with Sangiovese (min 50%)

77
Q

What is Occhio di Pernice

A

Rose vin Santo produced with min 50% Sangiovese

78
Q

What is the traditional wood and barrels for vin santo in Tuscany

A

Chestnut wood

Caratelli barrels - 50 ltr capacity

79
Q

What styles and ageing process defines vin santo of Tuscany

A

The grapes are dried for t least early December
Slow fermentation in 50 L caratelli barrels
Aged for 3 to 8 years, never topped up, creating oxidative notes and amber hues
May be dry, off dry or sweet, depending on length of fermentation and ageing
May be fortified and labeled liquoroso

80
Q

Which was the wine toasted by Enrico Ferni for first successful nuclear reaction test

81
Q

What kind of wines are produced in Orvieto DOC

A

Mostly dry, upto sweet late harvest and noble rot white wines
Min 60% Trebbiano Toscano (procanico) and Grechetto
Max 40% others

82
Q

What is the name given to Trebbiano Toscano in Umbria (Orvieto)

83
Q

What kind of soils are found in Orvieto

A

Tuffeau based soils with clay

84
Q

What kind of wines are produced in Lago di Corbara DOC

A

Mainly reds produced from multiple international grapes and Sangiovese
White and passito styles from Orvieto grapes and international varieties

85
Q

Within which other DOC zone does Lago di Corbara DOC of Umbria lies

A

Orvieto DOC

86
Q

What is Orvietano Rosso DOC

A

DOC for red wines produced from local and international grapes within Orvieto DOC

87
Q

Which are the most noted producers of Sagrantino di Montefalco

A

Marco Caprai - modernist

Paolo Bea - traditional

88
Q

Which producer of Torgiano Rosso is credited with getting a DOCG for its reservas

A

Lungarotti family

89
Q

What kind of wines are produced in Sagrantino di Montefalco DOCG

A

Secco or passito style sweet reds from powerful and very tannic Sagrantino grape (100%)

90
Q

What is the minimum ageing required for Sagrantino di Montefalco

A

37 months minimum, at least 12 in wood and 4 in bottle

91
Q

How much min - max RS is required for Passito wines of Sagrantino di Montefalco

A

80 g/l min

180 g/l max

92
Q

What are the DOCG’s of Umbria

A

Sagrantino di Montefalco

Torgiano Rosso Riserva DOCG

93
Q

What are the varietal, alcohol and ageing requirements for Torgiano Rosso Riserva DOCG

A

Min 70% Sangiovese, max 30% others

Min 12.5% alc, min 3 yrs ageing, 6 months in bottle

94
Q

What are the DOCG’s of Marche

A 
Verdicchio di Matelica Riserva
Castelli di Jesi Verdicchio Riserva
Conero Rosso Riserva
Vernaccia di Serrapetrona
Offida
95
Q

What are the climatic differences in Verdicchio from Metalica and Castelli di Jesi

A

Castelli di Jesi is on adriatic coast with maritime influence from sea, fuller and rounder wines
Metalica is inland and higher altitude, sharper and focused wines

96
Q

Which DOC zone surrounds Conero

A

Rosso Piceno DOC

97
Q

What are the ageing requirements for Verdicchio di Metalica Riserva DOCG

98
Q

What are the ageing requirements for Verdicchio di Castelli di Jesi Riserva DOCG

A

18 months, 6 in bottle

99
Q

What are the grape varieties, alcohol and ageing requirements for Conero Rosso Riserva DOCG

A

Min 85% Montepulciano, Max 15% Sangiovese

Min 12.5% alc, 2 yrs ageing

100
Q

What grapes are used and style of wines produced in Vernaccia di Serrapatrona DOCG

A

Vernaccia Nera - a red grape distinct fom Vernaccia white
Dry and sweet sparkling red wines are produced
Min 40% passito grapes are to be used in the production

101
Q

What styles of wines are produced in Offida DOCG

A

White wines in varietal styles from Pecorino and Passerina grapes
Red wines based on 85% Montepulciano

102
Q

What are the ageing requirements for Offida DOCG Rosso

A

Min 24 months, 12 in wood, 3 in bottle

103
Q

What kind of wines are produced in Lacrima di Morra di Alba DOC

A 
Lacrima grape (min 85%) based red wines, dry and passito style
Perfumed, floral and light, Pinot Noir like character of Lacrima grape shows quality potential
104
Q

What kind of wines are produced in Cerasuolo de Abruzzo DOC

A

Rose wines from Montepulciano d’Abruzzo grape

105
Q

What are the DOCG’s of Abruzzo

A

Montepulciano d’Abruzzo Colline Terramane

Terre Tollesi/Tullum

106
Q

What kind of wines are produced in Terre Tollesi

A

White wines in varietal styles from Pecorino and Passerina grapes
Red wines based on min 95% Montepulciano
Sparkling wines from min 60% Chardonnay

107
Q

What are the varietal, min ageing and alcohol requirements for Montepulciano d’Abruzzo colline terramane DOCG

A

min 90% Montepulciano, max 10% Sangiovese
12.5% alc, 2 years ageing, 1 yr in oak or chestnut, 6 months in bottle
Riserva: 3 yrs, 1 yr in oak or chestnut, 6 months in bottle

108
Q

Which famous Montepulciano producers prefer to release their wines as DOC instead of DOCG

A

Edouardo Valentini

Emidio Pepe

109
Q

Which grape variety is also called Bombino Bianco

A

Trebbiano d’Abruzzo

110
Q

Which region of Italy has Rome as its city and regional capital

A

Lazio (Latium)

111
Q

What are the DOCG’s of Lazio

A

Frascati Superiore DOCG
Cannelino di Frascati DOCG
Cesanese del Piglio DOCG

112
Q

Which estate is known for its red wines based on bordeaux varietals in Lazio

A

Falesco estate (Cabernet Merlot blends)

113
Q

What kind of wines are produced in Frascati

A

White and sparkling wines based on Malvasia and Trebbiano
Superiore styles have DOCG status, 1 yr min ageing
Late harvest styles are called Cannelino di Frascati, min 35g/l RS, awarded DOCG status

114
Q

What kind of wines are produced in Cesanese del Piglio DOCG

A

Cesanese based spicy, peppery red wines

115
Q

What are the DOC’s of Molise

A 
Biferno
Molise
Tintilia di Molise
Pentro di Isernia
No DOCG's in Molise
116
Q

What kind of wines are produced in Tintilia di Molise DOC

A

Rose and red wines based on Tintilia grape

Known for its full bodied spicy reds

117
Q

What kind of wines are permitted in Biferno

A

Trebbiano Toscano based white wines

Montepulciano and Aglianico based Red and Rose wines

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