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KM Master Sommelier Study > Bordeaux > Flashcards

Bordeaux Flashcards

1
Q

What is the governing feature of Bordeaux climate

A

Gironde estuary that draws in cooling influence from the Atlantic Ocean

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2
Q

What kind of climate is found in Bordeaux

A

Maritime climate with evenly dispersed rainfall throughout the year

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3
Q

Which major region in France has the highest rainfall

A

Medoc - 950 mm

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4
Q

Which current warms up the bordeaux temperature and keeps away frost

A

Gulf stream in the Atlantic - bringing warm waters from carribean

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5
Q

What is the location of bordeaux

A

West of France, the 45th parallel runs north of Bordeaux

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6
Q

What are the permitted white grapes in Bordeaux

A

Sauvignon Blanc
Sauvignon Gris
Semillon
Muscadelle
Ugni Blanc
Merlot Blanc
Colombard
Alvarinho
Liliorila

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7
Q

What are the permitted red grapes in Bordeaux

A

Merlot
Cabernet Sauvignon
Cabernet Franc
Malbec
Petit Verdot
Carmenere
Arinarnoa
Castets
Marselan
Touriga Nacional

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8
Q

Which are the most planted white and red grapes of Bordeaux

A

Semillon
Merlot

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9
Q

What is 2-methoxy-3-isobutylpyrazine

A

Chemical compound responsible for grassy vegetal green flavours in grapes

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10
Q

Which grape is known as Pressac Noir

A

Malbec - also known as Cot

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11
Q

Which natural wine producer of Bordeaux has petitioned INAO for single estate AOC status

A

Chateau Le Puy

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12
Q

How many AOP’s exist in Bordeaux

A

39

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13
Q

Which AOPs apply to entire area of the Bordeaux region

A

Bordeaux AOP, Bordeaux Supérieur AOP, and Crémant de Bordeaux AOP

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14
Q

What is Clairet in Bordeaux

A

A deep rose produced to reflect the lighter red styles of the past

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15
Q

What kind of wines can get Bordeaux Superior AOP

A

Red and semi sweet white wines

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16
Q

Which IGP covers the wines of Bordeaux

A

Atlantique IGP - rarely used in Bordeaux

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17
Q

What are Jalles

A

Canals build by Dutch engineers to drain the Medoc marshes

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18
Q

Which was the first Bordeaux to be sold by the estate name

A

Chateau Haut Brion

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19
Q

Which Margaux Villages have a classed growth in them

A

Margaux
Cantenac
Labarde
Arsac

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20
Q

Which Haut Medoc villages have a classed growth in them

A

Ludon (Lagune)
Macau (Cantemerle)
St Laurent (Camensac, Belgrave, La Tour Carnet)

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21
Q

Which commune AOP has the most classified growths

A

Margaux (21)
Pauillac (18)

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22
Q

Which Haut Medoc estate is the highest classified growth

A

Chateau La Lagune (Ludon) - 3rd growth
La Tour Carnet (St Laurent) - 4th growth

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23
Q

Which fungal diseases challanged Bordeaux in mid 1800s

A

Oidium (powdery mildew), Peronospera (downey mildew)

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24
Q

What is bordeaux mixture

A

Copper Sulphate Lime solution sprayed over the canopy of the vines

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25
Q

What is sur souches

A

Pricing based on a previous vintage, agreed upon prior to harvest

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26
Q

Which Chateau started estate bottling their entire production in Bordeaux

A

Mouton Rothschild 1924

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27
Q

When did Chateau bottling became compulsory for classified growths

A

1972

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28
Q

What are the common training methods in red Bordeaux

A

Trellised. Cane pruning.
Double guyot on the left bank, single on the right bank

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29
Q

What is the common training method for sweet bordeaux

A

Trellised, Cordon trained spur pruned, double cordon.

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30
Q

Why does sauternes uses cordon training instead of Guyot

A

Guyot produces larger berries compared to cordon, which induces grey rot, instead of noble.

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31
Q

What are the density guidelines in left and right bank bordeaux

A

Left bank at 7000/ha
Right bank at 5500/ha

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32
Q

What is remontage

A

Pumping over the skin cap to extract colour

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33
Q

What is pigeage

A

breaking and pushing down on the skin cap in red wines

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34
Q

What is Cliquage

A

moderate doses of oxygen are applied to the finished wine in barrel, to simulate traditional exposure through racking

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35
Q

Which forest is in the west of Medoc

A

Landes

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36
Q

Why is Bas Medoc considered inferior to Haut Medoc

A

Because of reduced influence of Landes in buffering cool Atlantic winds and rain

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37
Q

What are the communes in Medoc

A

Saint-Estèphe,
Pauillac,
Saint-Julien,
Margaux,
Listrac-Médoc,
Moulis

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38
Q

What are the communes of production in Pauillac

A

Pauillac,
Saint-Sauveur,
Saint-Estèphe,
Saint-Julien-Beychevelle

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39
Q

What are the communes of production in St Julien

A

Saint-Julien-Beychevelle,
Cussac-Fort-Médoc,
Saint-Laurent-Médoc

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40
Q

What are the communes of production in Margaux

A

Margaux-Cantenac,
Soussans,
Labarde,
Arsac

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41
Q

Which Pauillac estate borders Cos d’Estournel to the north

A

Lafite Rothschild

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42
Q

What kind of soils are found in St Estephe

A

Gravel with clay and sand

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43
Q

What is changing the wines of St Estephe, which had a reputation of rusticity

A

More Merlot planted, in clay soils of the commune

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44
Q

Which Medoc commune has the deepest croupe of the gravels

A

Pauillac

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45
Q

Which first growth sits on the southern edge of Pauillac

A

Chateau Latour

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46
Q

What is the max permitted yield in Medoc and Haut Medoc AOP

A

55 hl/ha

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47
Q

What is the max permitted yield in communes of Medoc

A

57hl/ha

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48
Q

Which commune of Medoc has highest proportion of classed vineyards

A

St Julien at 85%

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49
Q

What are the famous estates in Moulis

A

Chasse Spleen
Poujeaux

50
Q

How many Crus Artisan producers exist? What is the size

A

33 total as of 2022
Average 6 hectares each estate

51
Q

Name 5 Cru Bourgeois exceptionelle

A

Paviel de Luze
Ch Arnaud
Ch d’Arsac
Ch d’Agassac
Ch Malescasse
Ch Belle-Vue

52
Q

What kind of soils are found in the Graves

A

Gravelly soils with sand and limestone with clay
Southern part has less gravels

53
Q

What is the minimum RS required in Graves Superior AOP

A

34g/l
40hl/ha

54
Q

What is the max yield permitted in graves AOP

A

White 58hl.ha
Red 55hl/ha

55
Q

What is the max permitted yield and type of wine allowed in Pessac Leognan

A

Dry White and Dry Red
54hl/ha

56
Q

Which two Graves classified estates disappeared, when

A

Ch La Tour Haut Brion (2005)
Ch Laville Haut Brion (2008)

57
Q

Which Graves estates are classified only for red wines

A

Ch de Fieuzal
Ch Haut Bailly
Ch Haut Brion
Ch La Mission Haut Brion
Ch Pape Clement
Smith Haut Lafitte
Ch La Tour Haut Brion (discontinued)

58
Q

Which Graves estates are classified for only white wines

A

Ch Couhins
Ch Couhins Lurton
Ch Laville Haut Brion (discontinued)

59
Q

Which Graves estates are classified for both styles

A

Ch Bouscaut
Ch Carbonnieux
Domaine de Chevalier
Ch Latour Martillac
Ch Malartic Lagraviere
Ch Olivier

60
Q

When was Pessac Leognan created as an AOP

61
Q

What are the villages of Sauternes

A

Barsac, Sauternes, Fargues, Preignac, Bommes

62
Q

What is the min RS, min Alc and max yield required in Sauternes & Barsac

A

45g/l
15% (12% acquired)
25 hl/ha

63
Q

What are the two rivers near Sauternes

A

Ciron and Garonne

64
Q

What kind of wines are made in Cerons AOP

A

Sweet white wines with some botrytised fruit

65
Q

What are the max permitted yield, min alc and min RS required in Cerons

A

40hl/ha
14.5% (12% acquired)
45 g/l

66
Q

What is the highest elevation achieved in right bank bordeaux vineyards

67
Q

Which estate did Chateau Magdelaine merged with

A

Chateau Belair, to make Ch Belaire Monange

68
Q

Who is considered the first Garagiste of right bank

A

Chateau Valandraud

69
Q

What are the max permitted yields in St Emilion AOP

70
Q

What are the max permitted yields in St Emilion Grand Cru AOP

71
Q

Which estate uses more Cabernet Sauvignon in the blend in right bank? Why?

A

Ch Figeac
Because it sits in the graves zone of St Emilion

72
Q

Which estate uses more Cabernet Franc in its Grand Vin

A

Ch Cheval Blanc

73
Q

What is the difference between St Emilion and St Emilion GC AOP

A

GC wines should have lower yields (46 vs 53) higher alcohol (11.5 vs 11)
Must be estate bottled

74
Q

What are the two rivers in St Emilion

A

Dordogne and Barbanne

75
Q

Which estates withdrew from the classification in 2022

A

Château Angélus (Former PGC - A)
Château Ausone (Former PGC- A)
Château Cheval-Blanc (Former PGC - A)
Château La Gaffelière (Former PGC - B)

76
Q

What are the current PGCC - A estates in St Emilion

A

Château Pavie
Château Figeac

77
Q

What are the current PGCC - B estates in St Emilion

A

Château Beau-Séjour Bécot
Château Beauséjour
Château Bélair-Monange
Château Canon
Château Canon-la-Gaffelière
Clos Fourtet
Château Larcis-Ducasse
La Mondotte
Château Pavie-Macquin
Château Troplong-Mondot
Château Trotte Vieille
Château Valandraud

78
Q

What are the min alc and max yield permitted in Pomerol AOP

A

11%
49 hl/ha

79
Q

What are the two rivers in Pomerol

A

Isle and Barbanne

80
Q

Which is the smallest village appellation in Bordeaux

81
Q

What kind of soils are found in Pomerol

A

Blue clay buttonière near Petrus
crasse de fer—iron-rich sand deposits
Sand, clay and gravel soils

82
Q

Which estate has the most Cabernet Sauvignon planted in Pomerol

A

Ch de Sales

83
Q

What are the minimum alcohol and max permitted yield in Canon Fronsac, Fronsac and satellite AOPs of Pomerol and St Emilion

A

11%
53 hl/ha

84
Q

Which communes have the hillside sites in Fronsac

A

Saillans and La Rivière

85
Q

What kind of soils are found in Fronsac and Canon Fronsac

A

Fronsadais molasse, a mixture of soft limestone and clay

86
Q

What are considered the best estates in Canon Fronsac

A

Château Grand-Renouil and Château Gaby

87
Q

What are the best estates in Fronsac

A

Château Dalem,
Château de La Dauphine
Château Fontenil (Rolland)

88
Q

What is the biggest estate in Fronsac

A

Château de La Rivière

89
Q

What are the sattelite appellations of St Emilion

A

Lussac-Saint-Émilion AOP,
Puisseguin-Saint-Émilion AOP,
Montagne-Saint-Émilion AOP, and
Saint-Georges-Saint-Émilion AOP

90
Q

Which St Emilion satellite produces the most wines

A

Montagne St Emilion

91
Q

Which satellite of St Emilion borders Castillon

A

Puisseguin (highest elevation)

92
Q

What kind of wines are authorised in Entre du Mers AOP

A

Dry White and red wines, must be blends of 2 or more Bordeaux varieties

93
Q

What kind of wines are produced in Cotes de Bordeaux St Macaire AOP

A

Dry, semi sweet or sweet white wines from Bordeaux grapes

94
Q

Which geographic designation can be applied to Entre du Mers wines

A

Haut Benauge

95
Q

Which superior sweet wine appellations are part of Premiere Cotes de Bordeaux AOP

A

Cadillac
Loupillac
St Croix de Mont

96
Q

What kind of wines are produced in graves de Veyres AOP

A

Red and white wines from Bordeaux varietals.
Most producers prefer to use Bordeaux AOP instead

97
Q

What are the geographic designations of Cotes de Bordeaux AOP

A

Castillon, Francs, Cadillac, Blaye, and Sainte-Foy

98
Q

Which Cotes de Bordeaux geographic designations are allowed to produce white wines

A

Blaye, Francs, and Sainte-Foy

99
Q

Which is the smaller appellation in Bourg and Blaye

100
Q

Which is the star producer of Bourg

A

Château Roc de Cambes - François Mitjaville

101
Q

Which Bordeaux AOP recommends the maximum elevage

A

Blaye AOP
until March 31 of the second year after the harvest

102
Q

What are the old Bordeaux name of Cabernet Sauvignon

A

Petit Vidure, Sauvignon Rouge

103
Q

What is the old name of Cabernet Franc in Bordeaux

A

Bouchet, Breton

104
Q

What is the old name of Merlot in Bordeaux

A

Semillon Rouge, Plant Medoc, Merlau

105
Q

What is the old name of Malbec in Bordeaux

A

Pressac Noir

106
Q

Which IGP covers South West France

A

Comte Tolosan IGP

107
Q

Which IGP covers north Rhone and Savoie

A

Comte Rhodaniens IGP

108
Q

Which IGP covers Southern Rhone, Provence and Corsica

A

Mediterranee IGP

109
Q

Which IGP covers Loire

A

Val de Loire IGP

110
Q

Which IGP covers Jura

A

French Comte IGP

111
Q

Which IGP covers Burgundy

A

Saone et Loire

112
Q

Which IGP covers Chablis

113
Q

Where would you find Il de Beaute IGP

114
Q

Where would you find Terras du Midi IGP

A

Languedoc Rousillon

115
Q

Which IGP covers Champagne

A

Haut Marne

116
Q

Where would you find Var IGP

117
Q

Which IGP covers only Rousillon

A

Cotes Catalan

118
Q

Name the third wine from Lafite Rothschild

119
Q

Name the third wine of Chateau Margaux

A

Margaux de Chateau Margaux

120
Q

Name 5 cru artisans of Bordeaux

A

Chateau La Moutte Blanc
Chateau Micalet
Chateau du Ha
Chateau Graves de Pez
Chateau L’Evasion

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