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KM Master Sommelier Study > South Africa > Flashcards

South Africa Flashcards

1
Q

When was the first wine made in ZA

A

1659

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2
Q

Who oversaw the first crush for winemaking in ZA

A

Commander Jan Van Riebeeck

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3
Q

Who developed Constantia estate

A

Simon Van der Stel

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4
Q

What was semillon historically called in ZA

A

Green Grape

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5
Q

When did Phylloxera arrive in ZA

A

1886

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6
Q

When was KWV established

A

1918

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7
Q

Which two waterbodies affect ZA wine regions the most

A

Atlantic Ocean and Indian Ocean

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8
Q

Which special climatic condition near ZA has its origin in Atlantic Ocean

A

Banguela current

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9
Q

What does Banguela current do to Cape Vineyards

A

Cool ocean breezes slow the ripening in the vineyards, good for a warm climate

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10
Q

What is Cape Doctor

A

South east winds originating in Indian Ocean, affecting Cape vineyards during Spring and Summer.
It can interfere in fruit set, but keeps the diseases and pests at bay

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11
Q

What climate do we find in ZA

A

Mediterranean
Long dry summers and rain mainly in winter months

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12
Q

What is the major threat to Cape vineyards

A

Availability of water, draught is the most major threat to viticulture in Cape vineyards

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13
Q

What are the common soil types found in ZA vineyards

A

Very old soils of
decomposed granite
sandstone
quartz
shale
slate

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14
Q

What is Cinsaut

A

South African name for Cinsault

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15
Q

Which grape is known as Hermitage in ZA

A

Cinsault

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16
Q

When was Pinotage created
Which grapes

A

1924
Cinsault X Pinot Noir

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17
Q

Who created Pinotage

A

Dr. Abraham Izak Perold
1924
Stellenbosch University

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18
Q

What is isoamyl acetate

A

Source of paint thinner aromas in wine

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19
Q

What is the source of coffee aromas in Pinotage

A

Furfurylthiol
Formed from Furfural released by toasted staves during fermentation

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20
Q

Which producer made first MCC wines

A

Simonsig

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21
Q

Regulations for MCC

A

Any Grape
Any Region in ZA
Bottle fermented
Min 9 months on the lees

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22
Q

How much RS is allowed to be labelled Brut for MCC

A

upto 15 g/l in Brut
upto 6g/l in Extra Brut
upto 3g/l in Brut Nature

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23
Q

Name a few top MCC producers

A

Graham Beck
Le Lude
Charles Fox

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24
Q

What was Leiberstein

A

A semi sweet chenin based wine in ZA in 1960’s

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25
Q

What is Muscadel in South Africa

A

Muscat Blanc et Petit Grains

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26
Q

What is Hanepoot in South Africa

A

Muscat of Alexandria

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27
Q

What is Jerepigo

A

A mistelle produced from Hanepoot in ZA

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28
Q

Which was the most planted clone of Pinot Noir in ZA

A

BK5
Swiss clone used for sparkling wine production

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29
Q

How large can a single vineyard site be in ZA

A

Not more than 6 ha

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30
Q

What are estate wines in ZA

A

Made from grapes farmed as a unit
Produced and bottled on the same estate

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31
Q

Minimum required by WO for -
Varietal labeling
Vintage
Place of Origin

A

Varietal labeling - 85%
Vintage - 85%
Place of origin - 100%

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32
Q

What are the rules for listing grapes in a blended wine in WO

A

Not necessary to list
If listed, then all grapes should be listed in order of dominence
Unless two or more make up 85% of the blend and each is at least 20%

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33
Q

What are the units in WO, biggest to smallest

A

Geographical units
Regions
Districts
Wards

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34
Q

Name 6 GU’s of ZA

A

Eastern Cape
Northern Cape
Western Cape
Limpopo
Kwazulu Natal
Free State

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35
Q

What are the 5 regions in Western Cape GU

A

Breede River Valley
Klein Karoo
Olifants River
Cape South Coast
Coastal Region

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36
Q

What is the new overarching region available for Cape South Coast and Coastal region blends

A

Cape Coastal

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37
Q

What was Boberg

A

A region applied to fortified wines produced in districts of coastal region.
Now repealed since Feb 2019

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38
Q

What is Cape Coastal WO

A

Regional blending option created for fruits from Cape South Coast and Coastal Region

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39
Q

What are the districts of Northern Cape GU

A

Sutherland Karoo
Douglas
Central Orange River

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40
Q

What are the wards of Northern Cape GU - not part of a distt

A

Hartswater
Prieska

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41
Q

Which district has high elevation sites in Northern Cape

A

Sutherland Karoo

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42
Q

What is the ward in Eastern Cape

A

St Francis Bay

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43
Q

What is the ward in Free State

A

Rietrivier FS

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44
Q

What are the two districts in Kwazulu Natal

A

Central Drakensberg
Lions River

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45
Q

What are the districts in Breede River Valley Region

A

Breedekloof
Robertson
Worcester

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46
Q

Climate of Breede River Valley

A

Hot and dry climate
Lack of rains
Steady winds

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47
Q

What are the wards in Breedeskloof district

A

Slanghoek
Goudini

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48
Q

Which ward shows promise in Breedeskloof distt

A

Slanghoek, due to cooler microclimate

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49
Q

Who are breedekloof makers?

A

Group of a dozen small wineries in breedekloof who share information and understand terroir potential of the region

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50
Q

Which noted producer grows at mountain slopes in Breedekloof

A

Olifantsberg

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51
Q

Which is the coolest district of Breede river valley region

A

Robertson

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52
Q

What kind of soils are found in Robertson district

A

Limestone rich soils

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53
Q

What is the most important grape in Robertson district

A

Chardonnay
due to limestone soils

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54
Q

Which producer is famous for single vineyard chardonnays in robertson

A

de Wetshof

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55
Q

In which district is Graham Beck based

A

Robertson

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56
Q

Which Breede river valley region is known of Jerepigo & Brandy

A

Worcester district

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57
Q

What are the wards of robertson district

A

Agterkliphoogte
Ashton
McGregor
Boesmansrivier
Hoopsrivier
Vinfrivier
Zandrivier
Bonnievale
Eilandia
Goedmoed
Goree
Goudmyn
Klaasvoogds

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58
Q

What are the wards in Worcester district

A

Hex River Valley
Nuy
Scheorenheuvel
Stettyn

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59
Q

Which is the hottest and driest district in Breede River Valley Region

A

Worcester District

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60
Q

What is Steen

A

South African name for Chenin Blanc

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61
Q

Which Cape South Coast wards have no districts

A

Herbertsdale
Napier
Stilbaai East

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62
Q

Name the wards of Cape Agulhas District

A

Elim

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63
Q

What kind of soils are found in cape agulhas district

A

Layered shales
Iron rich Koffieklip

64
Q

What is another name for Koffieklip soils

A

Ferricrete

65
Q

What grape variety is Cape Agulhas most known for

A

Sauvignon Blanc

66
Q

What are the district in Cape South Coast region

A

Cape Agulhas
Elgin
Overberg
Swellendam
Walker Bay
Plattenberg Bay
Lower Duivenhoks River

67
Q

Key geographical features of Elgin district

A

Elevated bowl, ringed by mountains
300 - 500 m elevation
Coolest region in ZA
over 1000 m rainfall

68
Q

What are the major climatic and disease concerns for Elgin producers

A

High rainfall - leading to high humidity and fungal disease pressure and fruit dilution
Frost

69
Q

What kind of soils are found in Elgin

A

Decomposed sandstone
Shale

70
Q

What are the key produces in Elgin

A

Apples and other orchard fruits, along with grape

71
Q

Name two important wine producers in Elgin

A

Paul Cluver
Iona

72
Q

What are the key grape varieties grown in Elgin

A

Chardonnay
Sauvignon Blanc
Riesling
Pinot Noir
Merlot

73
Q

Which two major districts were once wards of Overberg district

A

Walker Bay
Elgin

74
Q

What are the wards of overberg

A

Elandskloof
Greyton
Klein River
Theewater

75
Q

What is the climate of overberg

A

Cool, wet and generally windy

76
Q

Which ward of Overberg is Lismore Estate based in

A

Greyton ward

77
Q

Describe key geographic and climatic conditions at Lismore estate in Grayton ward, Overberg

A

Steep vineyards at 320 meters rocky, shale and slate soils over clay and limestone.
High rainfall.
Pests (Baboons) pressure

78
Q

Name the wards of Swellendam district

A

Buffeljags
Malgas
Stormsvlei

79
Q

Which river flows through swellendam district and opens it to ocean influence

A

Breede river

80
Q

Which Swellendam ward is closer to Ocean

81
Q

Name a famous producer in Malgas ward in Swellendam distt

A

Sjinn (sane)

82
Q

What is special about Sjinn soil and climate

A

Weathered stones like Chateauneuf du pape found in soils
340-380 mm rainfall only
cool climate

83
Q

What grape varieties does Sjinn grow

A

Rhone Varieties
Grenache, Syrah, Mourvedre, Marsanne, Rousanne

84
Q

What are the districts in Cape South Coast with no wards

A

Lower Duivenhoks river
Plattenberg Bay
Elgin

85
Q

What are the wards of Walker Bay district

A

Bot River
Hemel en Aarde Valley
Upper Hemel en Aarde Valley
Hemel en Aarde Ridge
Sunday’s Glen
Sprinfontein Rim
Stanford Foothills

86
Q

Which two producers were Pioneers in Walker Bay District

A

Hamilton Russell
Bouchard Finlayson

87
Q

Which coastal city is located in Walker Bay

88
Q

What kind of soils are found in Walker Bay’s Bot River Ward

A

Rocky shale
sandstone

89
Q

Name two important estates in Bot River ward

A

Gabrielskloof - specialises in Syrah
Beaumont - specialises in Chenin Blanc

90
Q

Who started viticulture in Hemel en Aarde Valley

A

Hamilton Russell in 1970’s

91
Q

What kind of soils and climate are found in Hemel en Aarde Valley

A

Elevations 125 to 400 m
rainfall 750 mm
cool climate
Shale/Decomposed granite soils

92
Q

Name some Coastal region wards with no district

A

Lamberts Bay
Bamboes Bay

93
Q

Which district in Western Cape GU is not part of any region

A

Ceres Plateau
Prince Albert

94
Q

Which is the ward in Ceres Plateau

95
Q

Which wards in Western Cape GU do not belong to any region or district

A

Cederberg
Leipoldtville-Sandveld
Nieuwoudtville

96
Q

Which are the highest vineyards in ZA

A

Cederberg at 1100 mtrs

97
Q

Explain the geography and climate at Ceres in Ceres Plateau district

A

Inland from Tulbagh.
850 meters high plateau
Intense solar radiation (thicken skins)
Shale-based soils
Extremely cold nights

98
Q

Which two districts were merged in Cape Town district

A

Cape Peninsula and Tygerberg

99
Q

What are the wards in Cape Town district

A

Constantia
Durbanville
Hout Bay
Philadelphia

100
Q

When was Constantia farm registered

A

1685
One of the oldest farms in new world

101
Q

What kind of wine was initial version of Constantia

A

Unfortified sweet wines, both red and white

102
Q

What three wineries came from Van Der Stel’s Constantia estate

A

Groot Constantia
Klein Constantia
Bergvliet

103
Q

Geographic and climatic conditions of Constantia

A

Chilly ocean current lowering the temperature
Cool Climate
High Rainfall (1000mm)
Clay and Sand soils derived from Granite and sandstone

104
Q

Which producer is considered a quality leader in Durbanville

A

Diemersdal

105
Q

What kind os climate does durbanville have

A

Cool climate with ocean influence and thick daily fogs
Ample rainfall 600 mm
No real mountain influence

106
Q

What are the wards in Darling district

A

Groenekloof

107
Q

What grape varieties is Darling district famous for

A

Sauvignon Blanc
Cinsault

108
Q

What kind of soils are found in Franschhoek

A

Pure Granite derived soils

109
Q

What kind of wines is Franschoek famous for

A

Old vine Semillon
Sauvignon Blanc
Chardonnay
Cabernet Sauvignon
Syrah and Rhone Blends

110
Q

When was La Colline vineyard in Franschhoek planted

111
Q

Which district is home to KWV

112
Q

Which river flows through Paarl

113
Q

What are the three mountains in Paarl

A

Simonsberg
Paardeberg
Paarl Rock

114
Q

What kind of soils are found in Paarl

A

Granitic soils with clay at lower elevations, sand and rock higher up

115
Q

Name a notable Paarl producer from flat land

116
Q

Which mountain marks the border between Paarl and Stellenbosch

A

Simonsberg

117
Q

What are the wards in Paarl District

A

Agter Paarl
Simonsberg Paarl
Voor Paardeberg

118
Q

Who is the quality leader on Paarl side of Simonsberg

119
Q

Which mountain creates a border between Paarl and Swartland

A

Paardeberg

120
Q

Name the wards in Stellenbosch district

A

Banghoek
Bottelary
Davon Valley
Jonkeshoek Valley
Papegaaiberg
Polkadraai Hills
Simonsberg - Stellenbosch

121
Q

Whic is the largest ward in stellenbosch

A

Simonsberg Stellenbosch
also most northerly and furthest inland

122
Q

What are the high performing wineries of Simonsberg - Stellenbosch ward

A

Kanonkop
Rustenberg
Warwick

123
Q

Which ward is called bankers ward? Why?

A

Banghoek, due to presence of many wealthy estates in the ward

124
Q

Name some wineries in Banghoek ward of stellenbosch

A

Capensis (Jackson Family)
Delair Graff
Tokara
Rainbow’s end

125
Q

Which ward contains the highest vineyards in stellenbosch

A

Banghoek at 640 m

126
Q

Which ward is at the western end of stellenbosch

127
Q

Which are the relatively cooler wards of stellenbosch

A

Jonkershoek valley
Davon Valley
Bottlery ward (less cooler than the other two)

128
Q

Which famous wineries are in the undefined areas of stellenbosch

A

Mulderbosch
Waterford

129
Q

Which mountain range sits perpendicular to coastline in stellenbosch

A

Helderberg

130
Q

What kind of soils are found in stellenbosch

A

decomposed sandstone
decomposed granite
shale
clay

131
Q

Name some important wineries in stellenbosch

A

Beyerskloof
De Morgenzon
Ken Forrester
Meerlust
Neil Ellis
Raats
Rust en Vrede
Thelema
Vergelegan

132
Q

Which was the course changing winery in Swartland

A

Spice Route by Charles Beck

133
Q

When was Columella released

134
Q

Who started Swartland Revolution
(Now SIP, the swartland independent producers)

A

Adi Badenhorst
Mullineuxs
Eben Sadie

135
Q

What are the core values of SP for local certification

A

List of varieties best suited to region
Mandate for minimal or no adjustment in the cellar

136
Q

What kind of soils are found in Swartland

A

Sand like decomposed Granite
Slate
Shale
Schist
Some Chalk in the north

137
Q

Which ward has chalk rich soils in Swartland

A

St Helena Bay

138
Q

Name the wards of Swartland

A

Malmesbury
Paardeberg
Paardeberg South
Riebeekberg
Riebeekrivier
St Helena Bay

139
Q

What are the key geographical and climatic features of Tulbagh district

A

Inland from Swartland
Tall mountains
Elevated horse shoes shaped valley
More rainfall and colder winter than swartland
Shale with clay and quartz soils
Heavy wind currents

140
Q

Which winery in Tulbagh is famous for its concentrated reds

A

Fable Mountain

141
Q

Name the districts of Coastal Region

A

Cape Town
Darling
Swartland
Lutzville
Stellenbosch
Tulbagh
Paarl
Franschoek

142
Q

Name the ward of Lutzville valley

143
Q

Name the wards of wellington district

A

Blouvlei
Bovlei
Groenberg
Limietberg
Mid berg River

144
Q

Which district was once a ward of Paarl

A

Wellington

145
Q

Which massive wine company is based n Wellington

146
Q

What does Karoo means in African language

A

Dry and Thirsty land

147
Q

Which distrct in Klein Karoo is famous for port style wines

A

Calitzdorp

148
Q

Name 3 kinds of port styled wines produced in Klein Karoo

A

Cape Ruby
Cape Tawny
Cape Vintage

149
Q

Name the districts of Klein Karoo

A

Calitzdorp
Langeberg - Garcia

150
Q

Name teh wards of Klein Karoo without a region

A

Cango Valley
Montagu
Outeniqua
Tradouw
Tradouw Highlands
Upper Langkloof

151
Q

Name a famous winery in Klein Karoo

A

Joubert Tradouw

152
Q

Which river flows through Olifants River Region

A

Olifants River

153
Q

Name a famous wine from Citrusdal Mountain

154
Q

Name a districts in Olifants River Region

A

Citrusdal Mountain
Citrusdal Valley

155
Q

Name the wards of Olifants River region, with no district

A

Spruitdrift
Vredendal

156
Q

Name the ward in Citrusdal Mountain District

A

Piekenierskloof

157
Q

What is Cape West Coast subregion

A

Darling, Lutzville Valley, and the western half of Swartland, plus the wards of Groenekloof, St. Helena Bay, Lamberts Bay, Bamboes Bay, and Koekenaap

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