Vitamin A

Question 1

What are the Essential organic substances in minute amounts

Answer 1

Vitamins

Question 2

Three distinctive characteristics of fat soluble vitamins

Answer 2

Organic compounds:
◦Contain C, H, O
◦Only water soluble has N
◦Some have S and Co

Question 3

What are the substances that interfere with the normal functioning of a vitamin

Answer 3

Antivitamins or vitamin antagonists

Question 4

What do you call a vitamin that is man-made or synthesized in the laboratory

Answer 4

Synthetic vitamins

Question 5

What do you call the multiple forms of a vitamin (analogues/isomers)

Answer 5

Vitamers

Question 6

What are substances that have physiological roles like vitamins but they are present in larger amounts and partially synthesized in the body

Answer 6

Vitamin–like compounds

Question 7

too much or too little - > unhealthy

Answer 7

Vitamin malnutrition

Question 8

result of lack of vitamin, later stage -> more defined signs and symptoms

Answer 8

Avitaminosis

Question 9

vitamin toxicity due to excessive accumulation in the body

Answer 9

Hypervitaminosis

Question 10

how many vitamins is considered essential for human nutrition

Answer 10

15 vitamins

Question 11

Generally have precursors/ provitamins
Stored in the body
Deficiencies are unlikely
Not absolutely needed daily
Generally stable (ordinary cooking)

Answer 11

FAT-SOLUBLE

Question 12

Do not have precursors
Not stored significantly
Deficiency develops fast
Must be supplied daily
Generally unstable (ordinary cooking)

Answer 12

WATER-SOLUBLE

Question 13

Old names of Vitamin A

Answer 13

antixerophthalmic vitamin,
anti-infective vitamin,
opthalmin,
axerophtol

Question 14

What do you call the Preformed Vit A

Answer 14

Retinoids (retinal, retinol, retinoic acid)

Question 15

What are the provitamin A

Answer 15

◦Carotenoids

◦Must be converted to retinoid form

Question 16

The acid that is required for structural components of eye and is necessary for cellular differentiation

Answer 16

Retinoic acid

Question 17

What turns the visual light into nerve signals in retina of eye / oxidized form of vitamin A.

Answer 17

Retinal

Question 18

foamy, soapsud-like spots on the conjunctiva

Answer 18

Bitot`s spot

Question 19

dry, hazy and rough appearing cornea

Answer 19

Corneal xerosis

Question 20

crater-like defect on the cornea

Answer 20

Corneal ulcer

Question 21

Softened cornea; sometimes bulging

Answer 21

Keratomalacia

Question 22

Sources of preformed vit A

Answer 22

Liver, fish oils, fortified milk, eggs, other fortified foods

Question 23

Sources of Provitamin A carotenoids

Answer 23

◦Dark leafy green, yellow-orange vegetables/fruits

Question 24

Recommended intake of vitamin A for males

Answer 24

Males (>19 yrs): 700

Question 25

Recommended intake of vitamin A for females

Answer 25

Females (>19 yrs): 600

Question 26

Vitamins that comes from plant sources

Answer 26

Precursors/Provitamin

Question 27

Vitamins that are naturally occurring in ACTIVE FORM and mostly from animal sources

Answer 27

Preformed Vitamin

Question 28

Most common provitamin A. safe form of vitamin A

Answer 28

Beta-carotene

Question 29

Vitamin A is absorbed in the small intestine with the help of ____

Answer 29

salts

Question 30

vitamin that enhances the absorption of vitamin A

Answer 30

Vitamin E

Question 31

skin lesions in vitamin A deficiency are characterized as “toad’s skin” is called

Answer 31

phrynoderma