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Ntrnl Bchmstry > Protein > Flashcards

Protein Flashcards

1
Q

are compounds composed of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen atoms arranged into amino acids linked in a chain

A

Proteins

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2
Q

Essential Amino Acids

A

PVT. TIM HALL

P Phenylalanine
V Valine
T Threonine
T Tryptophan
I Isoleucine
M Methionine
H Histidine
A Arginine
L Leucine
L Lysine
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3
Q

Semi Essential AA

A

Histidine

Arginine

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4
Q

Non-essential

A 
Alanine 
Asparagine
Aspartic acid 
Cystine
Cysteine 
Glutamic acid
Glutamine 
Glycine
Hydroxyproline 
Hydroxylysine
Proline 
Serine
Tyrosine
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5
Q

AAs are linked together by ____ ____ to form

protein.

A

peptide bonds

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6
Q

There are __ different AAs, __ are

essential

A

22, 10

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7
Q

Combining two incomplete protein foods to yield a complete protein

A

Protein complementation

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8
Q

ability to dissolve in or attract water (e.g. gel formation and dough formation) which allows them to be used as binders, stabilizers, and thickeners in food products.

A

Hydration

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9
Q

mostly an irreversible curdling or congealing of proteins.

A

Denaturation/Coagulation

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10
Q

_______ are protein in nature that help speed

up chemical reactions (e.g. Rennin used in cheese production)

A

Enzymes

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11
Q

prevents extreme shifts in pH which is facilitated by their amphoteric nature

A

Buffering

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12
Q

either through Maillard reaction or enzymatic reaction

A

Browning

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13
Q

Basic (+) AA have an additional ____ ____.

A

amino group

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14
Q

Acidic (-) AA have an additional ____ ____.

A

carboxyl group

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15
Q

Neutral AA may be classified as ___ or ___.

A

aliphatic or aromatic

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16
Q

An amino acid that can be catabolized or broken down to form

glucose or glycogen

A

GLUCOGENIC AA

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17
Q

Amino acid that can be catabolized to form ketone bodies

A

Ketogenic

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18
Q

Amino Acid that Yields Pyruvate (TCA cycle component)

A

GLUCOGENIC AA

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19
Q

Amino Acid that Yields acetyl CoA or acetoacetate

A

Ketogenic

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20
Q

GLUCOGENIC AA

A

LeuLy

Leucine and Lysine

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21
Q

Both Ketogenic and Glucogenic

A 
Try Philippine Islands, TY!
Tryptophan
Phenylalanine
Isoleucine
Tyrosin
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22
Q

• Ability of AA to form mirror images (D and L forms)

A

Stereoisomerism

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23
Q
  • Ability of AA to:
  • Having both amino (basic) and
  • carboxyl (acid) groups,
  • which regulates pH
A

Amphoteric

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24
Q

CHON structure that yield only amino acid on hydrolysis.

A

Simple

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25
Q

Example of Simple AA

A

albumin, glutenin, oryzenin, Collagen

Albumin, Myosin, Elastin

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26
Q

CHON structure that has prosthetic group attached to a carbon.

A

Conjugated

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27
Q

Example of Conjugated AA

A

nucleoproteins, phosphoproteins, metalloproteins,

flavoproteins

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28
Q

CHON structure that has substances produced by partial hydrolysis

A

Derived

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29
Q

Example of Derived AA

A

proteoses, peptones, peptides

30
Q

Coiled-shaped AA

A

Globular Proteins

31
Q

Example of Globular Proteins

A

Insulin
Albumin
Globulin

32
Q

Helical peptide chains

A

Fibrous Proteins

33
Q

Example of Fibrous Proteins

A

Elastin
Fibrin
Collagen

34
Q

Converts pepsinogen to pepsin

A

HCl

35
Q

Converts procarboxypeptidase and
chymotrypsinogen into active form;
Cleaves lysine and arginine

A

Trypsin

36
Q

Cleaves aromatic amino acid

A

Chymotrypsin

37
Q

Cleaves the AA from the carboxyl

group end

A

Carboxypeptidase

38
Q

Cleaves the amino acid from the amino group end

A

Amino peptidase

39
Q

Cleaves peptide bonds to smaller peptides and amino acids

A

Tripeptidase and Dipeptidase

40
Q

an enzyme that cleaves polypeptides into smaller peptides

A

Collagenase and elastase

41
Q

Amino Acid absorption occurs mostly by ____ transport in the proximal portion of the small intestine,
requires carrier, energy, ____ , and _____.

A

active
Pyrodoxine
Manganese

42
Q

process that incorporates amino acids in the synthesis of

tissue protein

A

Anabolism

43
Q
  • Breakdown of amino acid

* Example: Formation of glucose or ketone bodies, when necessary.

A

Catabolism

44
Q

• Removal of nitrogenous portion to form

ammonia

A

Deamination

45
Q

Transfer of the nitrogenous group to a keto-acid residue to form another nonessential amino acid

A

Transamination

46
Q

Chief nitrogenous end-product of protein

metabolism

A

Formation of Urea

47
Q

AA inadequate in a food item

A

Limiting AA

48
Q

Unique characteristic of protein (Pairing with another protein which can supply the lacking amino acid) is called:

A

Supplementary Value of protein

49
Q

In Nitrogen Balance 1 g Nitrogen is =

A

6.25 g of Dietary Protein

50
Q

In Nitrogen Equilibrium N intake = N _____

A

N Output

51
Q

In Positive Nitrogen Balance, HIGH N intake =

A

LOW N Output

52
Q

In Negative Nitrogen Balance, HIGH N Output =

A

LOW N Intake

53
Q

Recommended Intake CHON intake

A

10-15% of TER

54
Q

addition of amino acid in desirable levels so that food contains greater than what originally exists (lys to bread)

A

Fortification

55
Q

restore what was lost in processing (lys to Cerelac)

A

Enrichment

56
Q

addition of protein to regular diet to improve protein quality

A

Supplementation

57
Q

combination of food proteins such that one lacking may be supplied by another

A

Complementation

58
Q

Plant combination which provides adequate amounts of essential amino acids to adequately support human protein synthesis

A

PROTEIN COMPLEMENTARITY

59
Q

Acts as methylating agent: supplies –CH3for choline& heme in hemoglobin

A

Methionine

60
Q

Precursor of tyrosine which is needed for hormones thyroxine and epinephrine and part of melanin

A

Phenylalanine

61
Q

Precursor of niacin and serotonin

A

Tryptophan

62
Q

Detoxifies harmful substances

A

Glycine

63
Q

Donates nitrogen to be used for formation of alanine in the glucose-alanine-cycle

A

Leucine, Isoleucine, Valine

64
Q

an intestinal brush border enzyme that activates pancreatic proteases stimulated by trypsinogen contained in pancreatic juice

A

Enterokinase

65
Q

◦Secretes proteases as proenzymes

A

Pancreas

66
Q

Results from inadequate dietary protein, energy or both

A

Protein Energy Malnutrition (PEM)

67
Q

Prolonged PEM

A

Kwashiorkor

Marasmus

68
Q

“the disease (Africa: an evil spirit) that occurs when the next baby is born”
Inadequate protein intake with a fair or normal intake of energy
depigmentation of hair & skin, edema in the limbs and flabby moon-like face, irritable , moaning and apathetic

A

Kwashiorkor

69
Q

Results from deficiency of both protein and energy (predominantly energy deficiency)
Characteristics: wasting, emaciation, no edema, quiet and apathetic

A

Marasmus

70
Q

Common nutritional deficiency in vegetarian

A

B12, Fe

Ntrnl Bchmstry (31 decks)

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