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Ntrnl Bchmstry > Protein > Flashcards

Protein Flashcards

1
Q

are compounds composed of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen atoms arranged into amino acids linked in a chain

A

Proteins

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2
Q

Essential Amino Acids

A

PVT. TIM HALL

P Phenylalanine
V Valine
T Threonine
T Tryptophan
I Isoleucine
M Methionine
H Histidine
A Arginine
L Leucine
L Lysine
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3
Q

Semi Essential AA

A

Histidine

Arginine

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4
Q

Non-essential

A 
Alanine 
Asparagine
Aspartic acid 
Cystine
Cysteine 
Glutamic acid
Glutamine 
Glycine
Hydroxyproline 
Hydroxylysine
Proline 
Serine
Tyrosine
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5
Q

AAs are linked together by ____ ____ to form

protein.

A

peptide bonds

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6
Q

There are __ different AAs, __ are

essential

A

22, 10

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7
Q

Combining two incomplete protein foods to yield a complete protein

A

Protein complementation

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8
Q

ability to dissolve in or attract water (e.g. gel formation and dough formation) which allows them to be used as binders, stabilizers, and thickeners in food products.

A

Hydration

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9
Q

mostly an irreversible curdling or congealing of proteins.

A

Denaturation/Coagulation

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10
Q

_______ are protein in nature that help speed

up chemical reactions (e.g. Rennin used in cheese production)

A

Enzymes

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11
Q

prevents extreme shifts in pH which is facilitated by their amphoteric nature

A

Buffering

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12
Q

either through Maillard reaction or enzymatic reaction

A

Browning

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13
Q

Basic (+) AA have an additional ____ ____.

A

amino group

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14
Q

Acidic (-) AA have an additional ____ ____.

A

carboxyl group

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15
Q

Neutral AA may be classified as ___ or ___.

A

aliphatic or aromatic

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16
Q

An amino acid that can be catabolized or broken down to form

glucose or glycogen

A

GLUCOGENIC AA

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17
Q

Amino acid that can be catabolized to form ketone bodies

A

Ketogenic

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18
Q

Amino Acid that Yields Pyruvate (TCA cycle component)

A

GLUCOGENIC AA

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19
Q

Amino Acid that Yields acetyl CoA or acetoacetate

A

Ketogenic

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20
Q

GLUCOGENIC AA

A

LeuLy

Leucine and Lysine

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21
Q

Both Ketogenic and Glucogenic

A 
Try Philippine Islands, TY!
Tryptophan
Phenylalanine
Isoleucine
Tyrosin
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22
Q

• Ability of AA to form mirror images (D and L forms)

A

Stereoisomerism

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23
Q
  • Ability of AA to:
  • Having both amino (basic) and
  • carboxyl (acid) groups,
  • which regulates pH
A

Amphoteric

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24
Q

CHON structure that yield only amino acid on hydrolysis.

A

Simple

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25
Example of Simple AA
albumin, glutenin, oryzenin, Collagen | Albumin, Myosin, Elastin
26
CHON structure that has prosthetic group attached to a carbon.
Conjugated
27
Example of Conjugated AA
nucleoproteins, phosphoproteins, metalloproteins, | flavoproteins
28
CHON structure that has substances produced by partial hydrolysis
Derived
29
Example of Derived AA
proteoses, peptones, peptides
30
Coiled-shaped AA
Globular Proteins
31
Example of Globular Proteins
Insulin Albumin Globulin
32
Helical peptide chains
Fibrous Proteins
33
Example of Fibrous Proteins
Elastin Fibrin Collagen
34
Converts pepsinogen to pepsin
HCl
35
Converts procarboxypeptidase and chymotrypsinogen into active form; Cleaves lysine and arginine
Trypsin
36
Cleaves aromatic amino acid
Chymotrypsin
37
Cleaves the AA from the carboxyl | group end
Carboxypeptidase
38
Cleaves the amino acid from the amino group end
Amino peptidase
39
Cleaves peptide bonds to smaller peptides and amino acids
Tripeptidase and Dipeptidase
40
an enzyme that cleaves polypeptides into smaller peptides
Collagenase and elastase
41
Amino Acid absorption occurs mostly by ____ transport in the proximal portion of the small intestine, requires carrier, energy, ____ , and _____.
active Pyrodoxine Manganese
42
process that incorporates amino acids in the synthesis of | tissue protein
Anabolism
43
* Breakdown of amino acid | * Example: Formation of glucose or ketone bodies, when necessary.
Catabolism
44
• Removal of nitrogenous portion to form | ammonia
Deamination
45
Transfer of the nitrogenous group to a keto-acid residue to form another nonessential amino acid
Transamination
46
Chief nitrogenous end-product of protein | metabolism
Formation of Urea
47
AA inadequate in a food item
Limiting AA
48
Unique characteristic of protein (Pairing with another protein which can supply the lacking amino acid) is called:
Supplementary Value of protein
49
In Nitrogen Balance 1 g Nitrogen is =
6.25 g of Dietary Protein
50
In Nitrogen Equilibrium N intake = N _____
N Output
51
In Positive Nitrogen Balance, HIGH N intake =
LOW N Output
52
In Negative Nitrogen Balance, HIGH N Output =
LOW N Intake
53
Recommended Intake CHON intake
10-15% of TER
54
addition of amino acid in desirable levels so that food contains greater than what originally exists (lys to bread)
Fortification
55
restore what was lost in processing (lys to Cerelac)
Enrichment
56
addition of protein to regular diet to improve protein quality
Supplementation
57
combination of food proteins such that one lacking may be supplied by another
Complementation
58
Plant combination which provides adequate amounts of essential amino acids to adequately support human protein synthesis
PROTEIN COMPLEMENTARITY
59
Acts as methylating agent: supplies –CH3for choline& heme in hemoglobin
Methionine
60
Precursor of tyrosine which is needed for hormones thyroxine and epinephrine and part of melanin
Phenylalanine
61
Precursor of niacin and serotonin
Tryptophan
62
Detoxifies harmful substances
Glycine
63
Donates nitrogen to be used for formation of alanine in the glucose-alanine-cycle
Leucine, Isoleucine, Valine
64
an intestinal brush border enzyme that activates pancreatic proteases stimulated by trypsinogen contained in pancreatic juice
Enterokinase
65
◦Secretes proteases as proenzymes
Pancreas
66
Results from inadequate dietary protein, energy or both
Protein Energy Malnutrition (PEM)
67
Prolonged PEM
Kwashiorkor | Marasmus
68
“the disease (Africa: an evil spirit) that occurs when the next baby is born” Inadequate protein intake with a fair or normal intake of energy depigmentation of hair & skin, edema in the limbs and flabby moon-like face, irritable , moaning and apathetic
Kwashiorkor
69
Results from deficiency of both protein and energy (predominantly energy deficiency) Characteristics: wasting, emaciation, no edema, quiet and apathetic
Marasmus
70
Common nutritional deficiency in vegetarian
B12, Fe

Ntrnl Bchmstry (31 decks)

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