Folic Acid or Pteroylglutamic acid

Question 1

what are the two functionally different membrane transport system that is involved in the cellular uptake of folate.

Answer 1

• reduced folate carrier

- membrane folate receptor

Question 2

an essential factor for the de novo biosynthesis of purines and one pyrimidine nucleotide required for DNA synthesis

Answer 2

Folate

Question 3

Folate is critical for he synthesis of _______

Answer 3

S-adenosylmethionine

Question 4

a methyl donor for a variety of biologically important acceptors

Answer 4

S-adenosylmethionine

Question 5

A dietary deficiency of folate leads to an elevation of ____ _____ concentrations, which is an early risk factor for _______

Answer 5

plasma homocysteine

atherosclerosis

Question 6

A poor maternal folate status in early pregnancy is related to the occurrence of _____ ____ defects in the fetus.

Answer 6

neural tube defects

Question 7

_________ in genes encoding key enzymes in folate and homocysteine metabolism play a role in _____ _____ ______ and ____ _____ defects.

Answer 7

Polymorphisms
occlusive vascular disease
neural tube defects

Question 8

Folate deficiency has the potential to cause DNA strands breaks and DNA hypomethylation, both of which may lead to mutations and cancer.
True or false

Answer 8

True

Question 9

Generic descriptor of ______________ and its derivative compounds

Answer 9

Pteroylmonoglutamic acid (folic acid) PGA

Question 10

Metabolically active form

Answer 10

FH4 (tetrahydrofolic acid)

Question 11

a carrier of single carbon moieties

Answer 11

FH4 (tetrahydrofolic acid)

Question 12

In nature: occurs as

Answer 12

dihydrofolateand tetrahydrofolate

Question 13

Folic originated from ___ word

Answer 13

Latin

Question 14

Folic meaning in Latic

Answer 14

Leaf or Folium

Question 15

Reduced form of Folic acid

Answer 15

Folacin

Question 16

Oxidized form of folic acid

Answer 16

Folinic Acid

Question 17

two form of food folate are:

Answer 17

free and conjugated

Question 18

folic acid converts histidine to _______.

Answer 18

glutamate

Question 19

folic acid Synthesize of _______ from methionine

Answer 19

homocysteine

Question 20

folic acid is needed for methyl transfer of _____ and _____

Answer 20

methionine

choline

Question 21

The ____ _____ is involved in a reaction which serves as a precursor for DNA synthesis

Answer 21

folate coenzyme

Question 22

• synthesis of complex molecules from simple molecules such as sugars or amino acids, as opposed to recycling after partial degradation.
• Could affect rapidly multiplying cells ( RBC, WBC, epithelial cells of stomach, small intestines, vagina and uterine cervix)

Answer 22

De novo synthesis of DNA

Question 23

ingestion of ___ mcg folic acid per day is recommended for all women capable of becoming pregnant.

Answer 23

400 mcg

Question 24

Effects of Deficient Intakes

Answer 24

Associated with increased risk of CVD (homocysteine), neural tube defects and megaloblastic anemia

Question 25

a range of congenital malformations resulting from a failure of the neural tube to close during embryonic development, late in the fourth week after conceptionrole in normal cell division

Answer 25

Neural Tube Defects (NTD)

Question 26

Folic acid is needed to control ______ anemia of pregnancy sprue and megaloblastic anemia of infancy.

Answer 26

macrocytic

Question 27

______ increases the need for folic acid.

Answer 27

Alcoholism

Question 28

Large blood cells

Answer 28

Megaloblasts

Question 29

examples of Neural Tube Defects (NTD)

Answer 29

ANENCEPHALY

SPINA BIFIDA

Question 30

The result of abnormal nuclear maturation caused by impaired DNA synthesis

Answer 30

Megaloblastic Anemia

Question 31

Megaloblastic Anemia ◦May be due to reduced levels of ________

Answer 31

5,10-methylene-THF

Question 32

Megaloblastic Anemia is Similar to _____ _____. (B12 deficiency with neurological damage)

Answer 32

pernicious anemia

Question 33

Effects of Excessive Intakes

Answer 33

◦Seizures in rat: possible reduced efficacy of anticonvulsant drugs
◦Impaired zinc absorption -> teratogenic (animals

Question 34

Food sources

Answer 34

green leafy vegetable, liver/glandular organs

legumes, cereals

Question 35

Food sources poor

Answer 35

Milk, eggs, poultry, and fruits