Bchm made easy Flashcards
are reducing agents that release energy when reacting and are said to have “reducing power” .
NADH, NADP H, and FADII ,
_____ agents are those that supply hydrogen .
atoms. or electrons in chemical react ions.
Reducing agents
_____ agents receive hydrogen atoms or electrons
Oxidizing agents
carbohydrates that cannot be hydrolyzed
(split, with the addition of H,O) into simpler
carbohydrates .
Monosaccharides
fructose and galactose are examples of ______
hexoses
combinations of two monosaccharides.
Disaccharides
maltose
(glucose + glucose),
sucrose
(glucose+ fructose)
lactose
(glucose + galactose).
contain 3-6 monosaccharides.
Oligosaccharides
contain more “than 6 monosaccharides
Polysaccharides
starches, which are long chain polymers of a1pha-D-glucose in the form of
amylose, amylopectin, and glycogen
is an unbranched chain of glucose residues connected by alpha 1,4 linkages
Amylose
apart from being a longer word, is more complex than amylose in having additional, alpha-I ,6 linkages , which result in branching
Amylopectin
(“animal starch”) resembles amylopectin but branches
even more. is the main storage forn of carbohydrates
in humans,
Glycogen
has beta-I,4 linkages, bonds which human enzymes
cannot break, but the bacterial enzymes in cows
can. Therefore cows eat grass, but we don’t.
Cellulose
When carbohydrates attach to proteins and lipids,
they form ________ and ________.
glycoproteins and glycolipids
Carbohydrateland has its own powerhouse, called the
________
hexose monophosphate (HMP) shunt
pentose phosphate pathway,
the pentose shunt,
phosphogluconate oxidative pathway.
This powerhouse does not produce ATP energy molecules, as does the Main Powerhouse, but it does produce NADPH
hexose monophosphate (HMP) shunt
pentose phosphate pathway,
the pentose shunt,
phosphogluconate oxidative pathway.
a molecule important for its “reducing” power.
NADPH
Excess glucose molecules may be stored by linking
together to form _______, which is stored in the _____, _____ _____, and many other ______.
glycogen
liver, skeletal muscle, and many other tissues.
______ is an anabolic hormone that “ signals the fed
state”. It also facilitates entry of glucose
into muscle and fat cells.
Insulin
