Vibrios and climate change Flashcards
the kyoto protocol
The Kyoto Protocol is an international agreement linked to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, which commits its Parties by setting internationally binding emission reduction targets
when was the kyoto protocol adopted
11 dec 1997, entered into force in 2005
how many countries committed to kyoto protocol
37 all agreed to reduces GHG emission to an average of 5% again 1990 levels.
a later commitment period committed t reduce GHG by
at least 18% below 1990 levels in the eight year period from 2013-2020. (comp of parties in second commitment is diff to first)
main target
to limit global warming to 2.52 degrees by 21000
by understanding climate change we can predict
whens he next outbreak of disease will be, what strain it will be- fundamental in our battle against pathogens
cholera and climate change
we can create models which actively predict cholera outbreaks before they occur
why would it be helpful if could make predictions about the next utbreak
manage resources which cane mobilised for treatment and effected individuals. Appropriate antibiotics and vaccines can be given
interrelationships o environment and mcirobes
pH, gas, nutrients, temperature, the seas and oceans
long term enviroenmtneal changes
global warming
changing climete
sometimes short term e.g. seasonal
annual biannual ocean temp
El Nino
El Niño- soutern Osciliation (ENSO)
disruption of the ocean atmosphere system in the tropical pacific every few years in dec- warming of water in western america
El Nino triggers what sort of global weather patters
- trade winds relax in central and eastern pacific
- reduced upwelling of nutrients and oil water in eastern pacific leading to rise in SST
- increased rain fall in southern USA and Peru
- drought in west pacific (australia, indonesia)
SST
seas surface temperature
ENSO is considered
long most important driver of climate variations globally
in El Nino years there is
more extreme weathers
why are there no longer cholera outbreaks in exeter and in london, in comparison to the 1800?
- clean drinking water?
- draining?
- better sanitary conditions?
- better health and diet?
environmental parameter that would make cholera outbreak more probable in exeter or london etc?
climate change
which ar et most studied group o diseases affected by climate change
vector born diseases
vector population nd amplification of pathogen in host is affected by
variation in weather/cliate
could seasonal cold/ flu be due t change in
weather?
ecological disturbance (weather/climate)
can cause humans to be in greater contact with vectors due to havitat
malaria is thought to be on the decrease in Africa because of
changing weather, temp, humidity
