definitions Flashcards
HCAI
infections patients get whilst receiving care in a healthcare facility
microbiota
the microorganism that typically inhabit an environment
microbiome
all the organisms, their genomes and environmental interactions in a defined environment
dysbiosis
microbial imbalances, on or within the body
disease
conditions which impair normal function of tissue
infection
invasion and colonisation of microorganisms on on within host
virulence
a continous variable, which means the amount of damage and disease that manifests
pathogenicity
a discontinuous viable, which i a microbial variable that can one be expressed in a susceptible host
true pathogen
if on/within host, it will always cause disease
opportunistic pathogen
potentially infectious agents that rarely cause disease in individuals with healthy immune systems
median infective does
the amount of pathogenic agents needed to produce demonstrable disease in 50% of the test subject
median lethal dose
the amount of pathogenic agent needed to kill 50% of the test subjects
morbidity rate
incidence of a disease across a population or geographic location per year
epidemiology
the effect of a pathogen on population where and when disease occurs
or
study and analysis of the patterns, causes, and effects of health and disease conditions in defined populations.
incidence
the number of new cases of a disease in a given area or population
prevalence
the total number of new and already existing cases
endogenous
bacteria that naturally resides in a closed system
exogenous bacteria
microorganisms introduced to closed biological systems from the external world- can be benign or pathogenic
serogroup
microorganisms, viruses or cells which ar classified based on their cell surface antigens
emerging infections
infections which are rapidly increasing in incidence or geographic range
persistance
the ability of a bacteria to remain viable in a host cell for a prolonged period of time
bacterial persisters
cells that represent a subset of antibiotic tolerance- slow growing or growth arrested bacterial cells that have a decreased susceptibility killing by bactericidal antibiotics in an otherwise susceptible pop.
antibiotic resistance
ability of a pop of bacteria to grow in the presence of antibiotics dude to genetic modification
bioterrorism
the deliberate dispersal of an infectious agent to kill or incapacity man/ and or to destroy live stock, crops and disrupt food chains
pathogenicity island
a series of contiguous genes in a pathogenic microorganism including one or more that determines virulence, acquired by horizontal gene transfer.
