definitions

Question 1

HCAI

Answer 1

infections patients get whilst receiving care in a healthcare facility

Question 2

microbiota

Answer 2

the microorganism that typically inhabit an environment

Question 3

microbiome

Answer 3

all the organisms, their genomes and environmental interactions in a defined environment

Question 4

dysbiosis

Answer 4

microbial imbalances, on or within the body

Question 5

disease

Answer 5

conditions which impair normal function of tissue

Question 6

infection

Answer 6

invasion and colonisation of microorganisms on on within host

Question 7

virulence

Answer 7

a continous variable, which means the amount of damage and disease that manifests

Question 8

pathogenicity

Answer 8

a discontinuous viable, which i a microbial variable that can one be expressed in a susceptible host

Question 9

true pathogen

Answer 9

if on/within host, it will always cause disease

Question 10

opportunistic pathogen

Answer 10

potentially infectious agents that rarely cause disease in individuals with healthy immune systems

Question 11

median infective does

Answer 11

the amount of pathogenic agents needed to produce demonstrable disease in 50% of the test subject

Question 12

median lethal dose

Answer 12

the amount of pathogenic agent needed to kill 50% of the test subjects

Question 13

morbidity rate

Answer 13

incidence of a disease across a population or geographic location per year

Question 14

epidemiology

Answer 14

the effect of a pathogen on population where and when disease occurs
or
study and analysis of the patterns, causes, and effects of health and disease conditions in defined populations.

Question 15

incidence

Answer 15

the number of new cases of a disease in a given area or population

Question 16

prevalence

Answer 16

the total number of new and already existing cases

Question 17

endogenous

Answer 17

bacteria that naturally resides in a closed system

Question 18

exogenous bacteria

Answer 18

microorganisms introduced to closed biological systems from the external world- can be benign or pathogenic

Question 19

serogroup

Answer 19

microorganisms, viruses or cells which ar classified based on their cell surface antigens

Question 20

emerging infections

Answer 20

infections which are rapidly increasing in incidence or geographic range

Question 21

persistance

Answer 21

the ability of a bacteria to remain viable in a host cell for a prolonged period of time

Question 22

bacterial persisters

Answer 22

cells that represent a subset of antibiotic tolerance- slow growing or growth arrested bacterial cells that have a decreased susceptibility killing by bactericidal antibiotics in an otherwise susceptible pop.

Question 23

antibiotic resistance

Answer 23

ability of a pop of bacteria to grow in the presence of antibiotics dude to genetic modification

Question 24

bioterrorism

Answer 24

the deliberate dispersal of an infectious agent to kill or incapacity man/ and or to destroy live stock, crops and disrupt food chains

Question 25

pathogenicity island

Answer 25

a series of contiguous genes in a pathogenic microorganism including one or more that determines virulence, acquired by horizontal gene transfer.