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BILD X13 > vessels and circulation > Flashcards

vessels and circulation Flashcards

1
Q

3 layers of the vessels

A
  1. tunica intima
  2. tunica media
  3. tunica adventitia
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2
Q

vasa vasorum

A

vessel blood supply

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3
Q

tunica intima

A
  1. innermost vessel layer
  2. makes up vessel endothelium
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4
Q

tunica media

A
  1. smooth muscle layer of vessel
  2. vasoconstriction and dilation
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5
Q

tunica adventitia

A
  1. anchoring of the blood vessels
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6
Q

internal and external lamina of arteries

A

only present in arteries

the internal lamina = between intima and media

the external lamina = between media and adventitia

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7
Q

4 ways veins shift blood back to heart

A
  1. surrounding muscle contraction
  2. valves preventing back flow
  3. thoracic pressure changes
  4. pulsating arteries
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8
Q

artery shape maintenance

A

arteries are thicker than veins and can maintain their circular shape

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9
Q

large vein example

A

superior and inferior vena cava

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10
Q

elastic artery example

A

aorta and brachiocephalic artery

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11
Q

mid sized vein example

A

radial and ulnar veins

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12
Q

muscular artery example

A

radial and ulnar arteries

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13
Q

venules and arterioles

A

venule = lacks a media layer
arterioles = poorly defined adventitia and media

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14
Q

fenestrated capillary

A

capillary with many pores

present around endocrine glands and the kidney

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15
Q

sinusoidal capillaries

A

help stores blood in reticular connective tissue

ex… spleen, kidney, liver, bone marrow

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16
Q

capillary diffusion methods (4x)

A
  1. diffuse across lining
  2. diffuse through gaps
  3. diffuse through pores
  4. move via endocytosis
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17
Q

precapillary sphincter

A

regulates blood flow into the capillary and responds to the O2 needs of the tissue

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18
Q

arteriole anastomosis

A

the fusion of collateral arteries in areas that require constant flow blood

ex… the circle of willis in the brain

if an artery of the anastomosis, other arteries can compensate

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19
Q

eschemia anastomosis example

A

def: lack of bloody supply

if an anastomosis is blocked, it can result in necrosis

although, smaller branch blockages can be survivable

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20
Q

where is most of the blood volume stored?

A

65-70% of the blood volume is stored in the veins

this is because the veins can distend far more than arteries

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21
Q

structures unique to arteries

A

there is no veinous equivalent

  1. aorta
  2. external carotid artery
  3. internal carotid artery
  4. dorsalis pedis
  5. circle of willis
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22
Q

structures unique to veins

A

there is no arterial equivalent

  1. superior vena cava
  2. inferior vena cava
  3. external jugular artery
  4. internal jugular artery
  5. cephalic vein
  6. basilic vein
  7. median cubital vein
  8. cavernous sinus
  9. azygous vein
  10. hemiazygous vein
  11. great saphenous
  12. small saphenous
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23
Q

brachiocephalic trunk

A
  1. right common carotid
  2. right subclavian
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24
Q

left common carotid

A

supplies left side of the head and brain

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25
Q

left subclavian

A

supplies the left arm

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26
Q

axillary artery

A

formed from the subclavian arteries

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27
Q

thyrocervical trunk

A

supplies muscles of the neck, head and upper back

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28
Q

internal thoracic artery

A

supplies pericardium and anterior wall of the chest

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29
Q

vertebral artery

A

supplies the brain and spinal cord

goes through the transverse foramina

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30
Q

internal jugular vein

A

branches from right brachiocephalic

deep branches drain into the internal jugular

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31
Q

external jugular vein

A

superficial branches drain into the external jugular

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32
Q

superior vena cava

A

right and left brachiocephalic veins drain into the superior vena cava

33
Q

blood flow from the subclavians to the arms

A
  1. subclavian
  2. axillary artery
  3. brachial artery
  4. radial and ulnar arteries
  5. superficial palmar arch and deep palmar arch
34
Q

carotid sinus (artery)

A

branches into the internal and external carotid arteries

35
Q

internal carotids

A

supplies brain

  1. ophthalamic artery
  2. anterior cerebral artery
  3. middle cerebral artery
36
Q

external carotids

A

supplies the neck and outside of the skull

  1. lingual artery
  2. facial artery
  3. occipital artery
  4. superficial temporal artery
37
Q

basilar artery

A

formed from the left and right vertebral arteries and forms the posterior cerebral artery

38
Q

circle of willis (cerebral arterial circle)

A

hexagonal shaped circle of arteries

  1. left and right vertebral arteries forms the basilar artery
  2. basilar artery forms the posterior cerebral artery
  3. internal carotid artery forms the anterior and middle cerebral arteries
  4. posterior communicating artery connects the middle and posterior cerebral arteries
39
Q

drainage of CSF

A
  1. arachnoid granulations drain CSF into dura veinous sinuses
  2. enter internal jugular vein
  3. drain into brachiocephalic vein
  4. drain into superior vena cava
  5. enter right atrium
40
Q

upper and lower division of the descending aorta

A
  1. thoracic aorta
  2. abdominal aorta

the separation is at the diaphragm

41
Q

diaphragm artery supply

A
  1. superior phrenic
  2. inferior phrenic
42
Q

superior phrenic

A

part of the descending thoracic

43
Q

inferior phrenic

A

part of the descending abdominal

44
Q

celiac trunk branches

A

an unpaired artery

  1. hepatic
  2. splenic
  3. gastric
45
Q

superior mesenteric

A

unpaired

supplies the…

  1. small intestine
  2. cecum
  3. ascending colon
  4. half of the transverse colon
46
Q

inferior mesenteric

A

takes over from the superior mesenteric

supplies the…

  1. other half of the transverse colon
  2. rest of the large intestine
47
Q

paired arteries

A
  1. suprarenal
  2. renal
  3. right common iliac
  4. gonadal
  5. inferior phrenic arteries
  6. lumbar arteries
48
Q

inguinal ligament border

A

serves as the transition of the external iliac artery into the femoral artery

49
Q

descending aorta branches into the…

A
  1. common iliac arteries
  2. internal and external iliac artery
50
Q

internal iliac artery

A

supplies the…

  1. urinary bladder
  2. walls of the pelvis
  3. external genitalia
  4. medial side of the thigh
51
Q

external iliac artery

A

supplies the leg

52
Q

external iliac artery branches

A
  1. external iliac artery
  2. deep femoral artery
  3. femoral artery
  4. popliteal artery
  5. anterior tibial and posterior tibial
  6. fibular artery
53
Q

dorsalis pedis

A

present on the dorsum of the foot

54
Q

3 veins you can draw blood from

A
  1. cephalic
  2. basilic
  3. median cubital
55
Q

do cardiac veins drain into either the superior or inferior vena cava

A

neither

56
Q

where does the veinous blood from the cranium drain into?

A
  1. the cranial sinuses
  2. internal jugular vein
  3. brachiocephalic vein
57
Q

superficial veins of the head and neck

A
  1. temporal veins –> drains into external jugular
  2. maxillary veins –> drains into external jugular
  3. facial veins –> drains into internal jugular
58
Q

sequence of veinous return from the arms

A
  1. digital veins
  2. superficial and deep palmar veins
  3. cephalic vein
  4. subclavian vein
  5. brachiocephalic vein
  6. superior vena cava
  7. right atrium
59
Q

azygous veins

A

the right intercostal veins drain here

the azygous vein drains into the superior vena cava

60
Q

hemiazygous veins

A

the left intercostal veins drain here

the hemiazygous vein drains into the brachiocephalic vein

61
Q

median cubital vein drainage

A

drains into the basilic vein

62
Q

abdominal drainage into the IVC

A
  1. common iliac veins (left and right)
  2. lumbar veins
  3. gonadal veins
  4. hepatic veins
  5. renal veins
  6. suprarenal veins
  7. phrenic veins
63
Q

pelvic drainage into the IVC

A
  1. gluteal veins
  2. internal pudendal veins
  3. obturator veins
  4. lateral sacral veins
  5. median sacral veins
  6. left common iliac
  7. inferior vena cava
64
Q

great saphenous vein

A

longest vein, drains into the femoral vein

can be used in cardiac bypass surgery

65
Q

small saphenous vein

A

shorter than the great saphenous

sits on the side of the leg and drains into the popliteal

66
Q

lower limb drainage into the right atrium

A
  1. plantar veins
  2. anterior and posterior tibial, fibular veins
  3. popliteal veins
  4. femoral vein
  5. external iliac vein
  6. common iliac vein
  7. inferior vena cava
  8. right atrium
67
Q

what blood from which organ systems drains into the hepatic portal vein?

A
  1. small intestine
  2. stomach
  3. large intestine
  4. pancreas
68
Q

splenic vein

A

drains from the spleen, stomach and pancreas

69
Q

venous blood travel in the hepatic portal vein

A
  1. hepatic portal vein
  2. liver sinusoids
  3. central vein
  4. hepatic veins
  5. inferior vena cava
  6. right atrium
70
Q

why does all veinous blood from the abdominal viscera go to the liver

A

to metabolize toxic substances from the tissue

the liver has dual circulation

71
Q

fetal circulation structures

A
  1. foramen ovale
  2. ductus arteriosus
  3. ductus venosus
72
Q

foramen ovale

A

connects the right and left atria

closes when the baby takes its first breadth

becomes the fossa ovalis

73
Q

ductus arteriosus

A

connects the pulmonary trunk and aorta

becomes the ligamentum arteriosum

74
Q

ductus venosus

A

bypasses the liver (bc it’s non functional) and carries metabolism to the placenta

becomes the ligamentum venosum

75
Q

ASD

A

atrial septal defect

foramen ovale doesn’t close

76
Q

VSD

A

ventricular septum defect

77
Q

PDA

A

patent ductus arteriosus

doesn’t close

78
Q

atherosclerosis

A

due plaque deposits in the blood vessels

79
Q

arteriosclerosis

A

changes in blood vessel walls you age

becomes harder, resulting in a slight increase in BP

loss of elasticity

BILD X13 (26 decks)

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