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BILD X13 > Axial Skeleton Structures > Flashcards

Axial Skeleton Structures Flashcards

1
Q

axial skeleton consists of

A
  1. skull bones
  2. auditory ossicles
  3. hyoid bone (floating bone)
  4. vertebral column
  5. thoracic cage
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2
Q

axial skeleton functions

A
  1. support framework
  2. protection for sense organs
  3. attachment for muscles of the head, neck and trunk
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3
Q

3 divisions of the skull

A
  1. facial
  2. cranial
  3. associated bones
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4
Q

facial bones

A
  1. maxillae
  2. palatine bones
  3. nasal bones
  4. inferior nasal conchae
  5. zygomatic bones
  6. lacrimal bones
  7. vomer
  8. mandible
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5
Q

associated bones

A
  1. hyoid bone
  2. auditory ossicles (in the temporal bone)
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5
Q

cranium bones

A
  1. occipital bone
  2. parietal bones
  3. frontal bone
  4. temporal bones
  5. sphenoid
  6. ethmoid
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6
Q

auditory ossicles (MIS)

A
  1. malleus
  2. incus
  3. stapes
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7
Q

lambdoid suture

A

suture between the occipital and parietal bones

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8
Q

sagittal suture

A

suture separating left and right parietal bones

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9
Q

external occipital protuberance

A

protruding region of the occipital bone

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10
Q

occipital bone

A

lower bone of skull

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11
Q

mastoid process

A

neck muscles attach here

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12
Q

external acoustic meatus

A

channel of the ear

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13
Q

zygomatic process of the temporal bone

A

protrusion extending from the temporal bone towards the zygomatic process

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14
Q

styloid process

A

sharp protrusion coming from the bottom of the skull. attaches and facilitates movement of the skeletal muscles of the tongue

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15
Q

temporal process of the zygomatic bone

A

protrusion extending from the zygomatic bone pointing towards the temporal bone

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16
Q

supra-orbital foramen

A

foramen found on the frontal bone above the orbital cavity

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17
Q

nasal bone

A

paired bones found at the apex of the nasal cavity

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18
Q

maxilla bone

A

one of the major skull bones, it forms the upper jaw

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19
Q

mandible bone

A

lower jaw, connected to the rest of the skull via mandibular fossa

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20
Q

infra-orbital foramen

A

opening present on the maxillae, it is below the orbital cavity

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21
Q

ethmoid

A

internal bone structure found interiorly to the skull, it borders the lacrimal bone and can be seen through the eye socket

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22
Q

inferior orbital fissure

A

opening inferior to the superior orbital fissure, can be seen in the eye socket

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23
Q

middle nasal concha

A

found in the nasal cavity and is above the inferior nasal concha

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24
Q

perpendicular plate of ethmoid

A

found in the nasal cavity, it forms the septum of the nose

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25
Q

superior orbital fissure

A

orbital fissure that’s above the inferior orbital fissure, it can be seen through the orbital cavity

-oculomotor (CN III)
-trochlear (CN IV)
-trigeminal nerve (CN V)

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26
Q

nasal cavity

A

large opening on the anterior of the skull, it contains the vomer, perpendicular plate of the ethmoid, middle and inferior nasal concha

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27
Q

vomer

A

horizontal forward facing plate, and supports the structure of the nasal passages

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28
Q

nasal concha

A

these are protruding shelves of the nose that support the turbinates which warm and humidify air

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29
Q

eye socket

A

contains …
1. optic canal
2. superior orbital fissure
3. inferior orbital fissure
4. ethmoid and lacrimal bones

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30
Q

optic canal

A

this transmits the optic nerve

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31
Q

lacrimal bones

A

supports the nasolacrimal duct which drains tears

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32
Q

foramen magnum

A

largest foramen of the skull, the lower brainstem passes through (medulla)

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33
Q

occipital condyles

A

rests on the atlas and axis cervical vertebrae, assists in the movement of the head

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34
Q

condyloid fossa

A

receives the posterior protrusion of the atlas vertebrae

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35
Q

condyloid foramen

A

center of the condyloid fossa

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36
Q

obturator foramen

A

largest foramen in the body, between the pubis and ischium

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37
Q

atlanto-axial joint

A

shake head no

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38
Q

atlanto-occipital

A

nod head yes

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39
Q

palatine process of the maxilla

A

the roof of the mouth

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40
Q

palatine bone

A

forms the hard palate

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41
Q

greater palatine foramen

A

allowed the greater palatine nerve to pass through

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42
Q

lesser palatine foramen

A

innervation to the soft palate

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43
Q

incisive fossa

A

bony depression at the front of the maxilla behind the teeth, contains the incisive foramen

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44
Q

incisive foramen

A

opening for the nerves and vessels that innervate the palate

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45
Q

internal nares

A

opening of the nasal cavity into the pharynx

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46
Q

foramen lacerum

A
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47
Q

carotid canal

A

passage of the carotid artery, next to the foramen lacerum

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48
Q

foramen ovale

A

part of the ROS acronym
-rotundum, ovale, spinosum

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49
Q

foramen spinosum

A

part of the ROS acronym
-rotundum, ovale, spinosum

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50
Q

jugular foramen

A

passage of the jugular artery, underneath the internal acoustic meatus, next to the foramen magnum

51
Q

stylomastoid foramen

A

passage of the facial nerve and stylomastoid artery

52
Q

crista galli

A

connects the dura matter of the brain

53
Q

cribriform plate

A

has the orbital foramina

54
Q

olfactory foramina

A

passage of the nerve fibers of the olfactory nerve

55
Q

sphenoid bone

A

bat shaped bone that contains the…

  1. ROS foramina
  2. lesser wings
  3. greater wings
  4. sella turcica
56
Q

temporal bone

A

bones on the side of head that contain the…

  1. petrous part of the temporal bone
  2. zygomatic process of the temporal bone
  3. external acoustic meatus
  4. mastoid process
  5. styloid process
57
Q

foramen rotundum

A

part of the ROS foramina, especially seen on the sphenoid bone

58
Q

internal acoustic meatus

A

opposite side of the external acoustic meatus

59
Q

sella turcica

A

part of the sphenoid that holds the pituitary gland

60
Q

petrous part of the temporal bone

A

hardest part of the temporal bone that stores the auditory ossicles (MIS)

61
Q

anterior cranial fossa

A

frontal lobe

62
Q

middle cranial fossa

A

temporal lobe

63
Q

posterior cranial fossa

A

cerebellum

64
Q

hypoglossal canal

A

passage of the hypoglossal nerve (CN 12) which stimulates the movement of the tongue, right next to the foramen magnum

65
Q

frontal sinus

A

air pocket of the frontal bone

66
Q

sphenoidal sinus

A

air pockets of the sphenoid bone

67
Q

styloid process

A

sharp bone protruding anteriorly from the base of the skull, it connects skeletal muscle of the tongue

68
Q

condyloid foramen

A

present in the condayloid fossa

69
Q

occipital condyle

A

bony protrusions near the foramen magnum

70
Q

mandibular fossa of the temporal bone

A

bony depression that receives the condylar process of the mandible

71
Q

maxillary sinuses

A

air pockets of the maxillae

72
Q

anterior nasal spine

A

just below the nasal cavity

73
Q

alveolar processes

A

part of the bone that connects to the teeth, these are present on the mandible

74
Q

mental foramen

A

foramen on the mandible, mental coming from mentis meaning chin

75
Q

ramus

A

tall part of the mandible that houses the coronoid process and condylar process

76
Q

coronoid process

A

one of the processes of the mandibular notch, it is the forward facing process

77
Q

mandibular notch

A

protrusion from the ramus and houses the coronoid and condylar processes

78
Q

angle (mandible)

A

the angle between the ramus and the body of the mandible

79
Q

body (mandible)

A

lower portion of the mandible, the longitudinal part that is parallel with the teeth

80
Q

mental protuberance

A

a notch on the frontmost part of the mandible (chin area)

81
Q

nasal septum

A

separates the left and right nasal cavities and is made up of the perpendicular plate of the ethmoid and the vomer

82
Q

ethmoidal air cells

A

many air pockets of the ethmoid that sit above the sphenoidal sinuses

83
Q

hyoid bone

A

floating bone that is supported by nearby muscle tissues, it is important in breathing, swallowing and speaking. this contains the…

  1. greater horn
  2. lesser horn
  3. body
84
Q

greater horn

A

larger horns towards the back of the hypoid bone

85
Q

lesser horn

A

anterior to the greater horns, these are sharp and delicate

86
Q

body (hyoid)

A

front most part of the hyoid bone

87
Q

anterior fontanel

A

towards the front of the baby skull

88
Q

posterior fontanel

A

towards the back of the baby skull

89
Q

sphenoidal fontanel

A

on the side of the baby skill near the temple

90
Q

mastoidal fontanel

A

on the side of the baby skull nearest to the mastoid process

91
Q

cervical curve

A

curve of the cervical vertebrae

92
Q

thoracic curve

A

one of the two curves first established in the womb, curve of the thoracic vertebrae

93
Q

lumbar curve

A

curve of the lumbar vertebrae

94
Q

sacral curve

A

the second of the vertebral curves formed in the womb

95
Q

scoliosis

A

lateral curvature of the spine

96
Q

kyphosis

A

abnormal posterior thoracic curvature

97
Q

lordosis

A

exaggerated anterior curvature of the lumbar region

98
Q

intervertebral discs

A

separates the vertebral bodies of the spine, there are two layers…

  1. annulus fibrosis tissue
  2. nucleus pulposus

there are no intervertebral discs between C1 and C2

99
Q

spinous process

A

bony protrusion that extends posteriorly from the vertebrae and is present on every vertebrae, but gets larger further down the spine

100
Q

transverse process

A

bony protrusions extending transversely from the vertebrae

101
Q

vertebral body

A

supports the weight of body and is separated by the intervertebral discs

102
Q

vertebral foramen

A

created by the vertebral arches

103
Q

intervertebral foramen

A

formed by the vertebral bodies being separated intervertebral discs

104
Q

bifida spinous process

A

notch on the atlas and axis vertebrae that is opposite of the vertebral body

105
Q

transverse foramen

A

opening on the sides of atlas vertebrae that is unique to cervical vertebrae

106
Q

transverse ligament

A

ligament on the atlas that locks the dens of the axis vertebrae from moving

107
Q

dens

A

upward facing protrusion of the axis that is secured in place by the transverse ligament

108
Q

sacrum

A

between the lumbar and the coccyx, it is comprised of 5 fused vertebrae

109
Q

coccyx

A

the lowest part of the axial skeleton, it is anteriorly facing in men and inferiorly facing in women (to assist in child birth). this is made of 3-5 fused bones

110
Q

thoracic cage

A

made up of the sternum, the ribs and the vertebrae

111
Q

true ribs (1-7)

A

these are ribs that are connected direction to the sternum via costal cartilage

112
Q

false ribs (8-12)

A

these are ribs that either don’t have direct connection to the sternum or are floating

113
Q

floating ribs (11-12)

A

ribs that are connected posteriorly at the vertebrae but are not connected to anything at the front

114
Q

head (ribs)

A

the end of the rib that articulates with the transverse processes of the vertebrae

115
Q

neck (ribs)

A

thinner portion of the ribs between the head and tubercle

116
Q

tubercle (ribs)

A

enlarged portion of the ribs behind the head and neck of the ribs

117
Q

angle (ribs)

A

curvature of the ribs

118
Q

costal grove (ribs)

A

inside portion of the rib that houses the intercostal artery, vein, and nerve

119
Q

body (ribs)

A

straightest portion of the ribs and connects with the costal cartilage (if true)

120
Q

manubrium

A

attachment point on the sternum for the jugular notch and clavicular articulation

121
Q

body

A

between the manubrium and the xiphoid process

122
Q

xiphoid process

A

lowest part of the sternum

123
Q

jugular notch

A

connects to the jugular

124
Q

clavicular articulation

A

connects to the clavicle

BILD X13 (26 decks)

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