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BILD X13 > appendicular musculature > Flashcards

appendicular musculature Flashcards

1
Q

2 major muscle groups of the appendicular musculature

A
  1. pectoral girdle and the upper limbs
  2. pelvic girdle and the lower limbs
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2
Q

action lines of muscles

A

basically…

at the arm…
1. anterior = flexion
2. posterior = extension

at the leg…
1. anterior = extension
2. posterior = flexion

the shoulder joint is capable of
1. flexion / extension
2. abduction / adduction
3. medial / lateral rotation

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3
Q

spurt muscles

A

a muscle whose insertion is close to the joint the muscle moves

basically… a primary mover

ex… biceps brachii

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4
Q

shunt muscles

A

a muscle with its insertion far away from the joint

basically… a synergist (stabilizer)

ex… brachioradialis

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5
Q

shoulder abduction

A

the deltoid can make the should abduct (primary function)

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6
Q

shoulder flexion and medial rotation

A

flexion is supported by the clavicular deltoid

medial rotation is supported subscapularis

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7
Q

shoulder extension and lateral rotation

A

extension is supported by the scapular deltoid

lateral rotation is supported by the teres minor

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8
Q

muscles of the pectoral girdle and upper limbs

A
  1. levator scapulae
  2. pectoralis minor
  3. rhomboid major
  4. rhomboid minor
  5. subclavius
  6. trapezius
  7. serratus anterior
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9
Q

levator scapulae

A

moves the scapulae up

levator = lifts/elevates

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10
Q

pectoralis minor

A

protracts the shoulder

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11
Q

rhomboid major and minor

A

adducts the scapulae

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12
Q

subclavius

A

protracts the scapulae

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13
Q

trapezius

A

has multiple functions

  1. upper fibers extend the neck
  2. middle and lower fibers rotate the scapulae
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14
Q

serratus anterior

A

protracts the scapulae

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15
Q

arm muscles

A
  1. deltoid
  2. pectoralis major
  3. coracobrachialis
  4. biceps brachii
  5. teres major
  6. subscapularis
  7. supraspinatus
  8. latissimus dorsi
  9. infraspinatus
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16
Q

deltoid

A

abduction

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17
Q

pectoralis major

A

arm adduction and medial rotation

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18
Q

coracobrachialis

A

shoulder adduction

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19
Q

biceps brachii

A

flexes lower arm

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20
Q

teres major

A

extension and medial rotation

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21
Q

subscapularis

A

medial rotation

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22
Q

supraspinatus

A

shoulder abduction

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23
Q

latissimus dorsi

A

shoulder adduction and medial rotation

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24
Q

infraspinatus

A

lateral arm rotation

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25
Q

rotator cuff muscles

A
  1. subscapularis
  2. teres minor
  3. supraspinatus
  4. infraspinatus
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26
Q

teres minor

A

lateral rotation

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27
Q

muscles that move the forearm

A
  1. biceps brachii
  2. brachialis
  3. brachioradialis
  4. pronator teres
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28
Q

muscles of the hand

A
  1. flexor digitorum superficialis
  2. flexor digitorum profundus
  3. flexor carpi radialis
  4. flexor carpi ulnaris
  5. palmaris longus
  6. extensor digitorum
  7. flexor retinaculum
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29
Q

flexor digitorum superficialis

A

extends to the interphalangeal joints of the hands and flexes them

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30
Q

flexor digitorum profundus

A

extends to the distal phalanges and flexes them

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31
Q

flexor carpi radius

A

flexes and abducts the wrist (on the radius bone)

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32
Q

flexor carpi ulnaris

A

flexes and adducts the wrist (ulnar bone)

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33
Q

palmaris longus

A

flexes the wrist

only tendon that is above the flexor retinaculum

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34
Q

extensor digitorum

A

posterior to the flexor digitorums

this extends the fingers and only one extensor is needed as opposed to the two flexors

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35
Q

flexor retinaculum

A

tendinous wrist band on the anterior side of the arm

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36
Q

extensor carpi radialis longus

A

extension and wrist abduction

longus = long

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37
Q

extensor carpi ulnaris

A

extension and adduction of the wrist

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38
Q

extensor carpi radialis brevis

A

extension and abduction at the wrist

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39
Q

flexor pollices longus

A

flexes the thumb

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40
Q

3 nerves of the arm

A
  1. median
  2. ulnar
  3. radial
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41
Q

ulnar nerve injury

A

injury will result in a claw like hand

42
Q

radial nerve injury

A

results in a dropped wrist

43
Q

median nerve injury

A

results in an ape hand (flattened)

44
Q

abductor pollicis longus

A

abducts the thumb (long)

45
Q

extensor pollicis brevis

A

extends the thumb and abducts the wrist

46
Q

extensor digiti minimi

A

extends the pinkie

47
Q

flexor pollicis brevis

A

flexes the thumb

48
Q

opponens pollicis

A

allows for opposition movement of the thumb (counting fingers)

49
Q

abductor pollicis brevis

A

abducts the thumb

50
Q

dorsal interosseus

A

abducts digits 2-4

the pinkie has its own extensor

51
Q

palmar interosseus

A

adducts digits 2, 4, and 5

the thumb has its own abductors, adductors, flexors, extensors, and opponens

52
Q

opponens digiti minimi

A

allows for opposition of the pinkie with the thumb

53
Q

flexor digiti minimi brevis

A

flexes the pinkie

54
Q

abductor digiti minimi

A

abducts the pinkie

55
Q

compartments and sectional anatomy

A

muscle tissues are separated into compartments with deep fascia

inflammation of the deep fascia can result in compartment syndrome which is VERY painful

56
Q

muscles of the thigh

A

these muscles are the most powerful of the lower limb muscles

these muscles originate from the pelvis

these muscles include 4 groups…
1. gluteal group
2. lateral rotator group
3. adductor group
4. iliopsoas group

57
Q

the gluteal group

A

all muscles of this group don’t go to a bone, they insert at the ITB

  1. gluteus maximus
  2. gluteus medius
  3. gluteus minimus
  4. tensor fasciae latae
58
Q

gluteus medius, minimus and tensor fasciae latae

A

all abduct at the hip

59
Q

gluteus maximus

A

posterior hip extension

60
Q

the lateral rotator group

A
  1. obturators
  2. piriformis
  3. gemeli
  4. quadratus femoris
61
Q

quadratus femoris

A

lateral hip rotation

62
Q

piriformis, gemeli, obturators

A

all laterally rotate the hip and cause abduction of the hip

63
Q

the adductor group

A
  1. adductor brevis, longus, magnus
  2. pectineus
  3. gracilis
64
Q

adductor brevis, longus and magnus

A

all three adduct the hip, the longus muscles causes medial rotation

65
Q

pectineus

A

hip flexion and adduction

66
Q

gracilis

A

knee flexion and medial rotation

hip adduction and medial rotation

67
Q

ITB

A

iliotibial tract

helps stabilize the lower leg when standing on one leg, on the lateral side of the leg

68
Q

iliopsoas group

A
  1. iliacus
  2. psoas major
69
Q

iliacus and psoas major

A

both flex the hip (forward motion)

70
Q

sartorius

A

named after the tailor’s position one can assume

it causes hip and knee flexion, and lateral rotation of the hip

71
Q

knee extensors

A

these muscles help extend the knee (stand straight), they are called the quadriceps femoris

all start with vastus…
1. intermedius
2. lateralis
3. medialis

  1. rectus femoris
72
Q

vastus intermedius, lateralis and medialis

A

all extend the leg, all vastus muscles end at the quadriceps tendon

73
Q

rectus femoris

A

extends the leg and flexes the hip

74
Q

flexors of the knee

A

these muscles help flex (bend) the knee (hamstrings)

  1. biceps femoris
  2. semimembranosus
  3. semitendinosus
75
Q

biceps femoris, semimembranosus, semitendinosus

A

all three muscles flex the leg

the biceps femoris helps with hip extension too

76
Q

biceps femoris heads

A

the long head is on the lateral side and the short head is on the medial side

77
Q

membranosus vs tendinosus

A

the semimembranosus has a tendon that looks like a membrane

the semitendinosus has a tendon that looks cylindrical

78
Q

popliteus

A

flexes the leg, sits within the popliteal fossa of the back of the leg

79
Q

extrinsic vs intrinsic foot muscles

A

extrinsic foot muscles originate from the distal ends of the tibia, fibula or femur

intrinsic foot muscles start and end on the foot

80
Q

tibialis anterior

A

foot dorsiflexion

81
Q

gastrocnemius

A

foot plantar flexion

has two heads (medial and lateral head)

both heads are of equal size just different placement

82
Q

fibularis brevis and longus

A

foot eversion

83
Q

plantaris

A

plantar flexion

84
Q

soleus

A

plantar flexion

85
Q

tibialis prosterior

A

foot inversion

86
Q

calcaneal tendon

A

achilles tendon (largest tendon in the body) this tendon is shared by the gastrocnemius and the soleus

87
Q

flexor digitorum longus

A

flexion of toes 2-5

88
Q

flexor hallucis longus

A

flexes the big toe

89
Q

extensor digitorum longus

A

extends toes 2-5

90
Q

extensor hallucis longus

A

extends the big toe

91
Q

abductor hallucis

A

abducts the hallux

92
Q

flexor digitorum brevis

A

flexes toes 2-5

93
Q

abductor digiti minimi

A

abducts the pinkie toe

94
Q

lumbricals

A

helps with toe 2-5 extension

95
Q

flexor hallucis brevis

A

flexes the hallucis

96
Q

flexor digiti minimi brevis

A

flexes the little toe

97
Q

plantar interossei

A

adducts toes 3-5

98
Q

quadratus plantae

A

flexes toes 2-5

99
Q

extensor digitorum brevis

A

extends the toes 1-4

100
Q

dorsal interossei

A

abducts toes 3 and 4

extends toes 2-4

BILD X13 (26 decks)

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