appendicular musculature Flashcards
1
Q
2 major muscle groups of the appendicular musculature
A
- pectoral girdle and the upper limbs
- pelvic girdle and the lower limbs
2
Q
action lines of muscles
A
basically…
at the arm…
1. anterior = flexion
2. posterior = extension
at the leg…
1. anterior = extension
2. posterior = flexion
the shoulder joint is capable of
1. flexion / extension
2. abduction / adduction
3. medial / lateral rotation
3
Q
spurt muscles
A
a muscle whose insertion is close to the joint the muscle moves
basically… a primary mover
ex… biceps brachii
4
Q
shunt muscles
A
a muscle with its insertion far away from the joint
basically… a synergist (stabilizer)
ex… brachioradialis
5
Q
shoulder abduction
A
the deltoid can make the should abduct (primary function)
6
Q
shoulder flexion and medial rotation
A
flexion is supported by the clavicular deltoid
medial rotation is supported subscapularis
7
Q
shoulder extension and lateral rotation
A
extension is supported by the scapular deltoid
lateral rotation is supported by the teres minor
8
Q
muscles of the pectoral girdle and upper limbs
A
- levator scapulae
- pectoralis minor
- rhomboid major
- rhomboid minor
- subclavius
- trapezius
- serratus anterior
9
Q
levator scapulae
A
moves the scapulae up
levator = lifts/elevates
10
Q
pectoralis minor
A
protracts the shoulder
11
Q
rhomboid major and minor
A
adducts the scapulae
12
Q
subclavius
A
protracts the scapulae
13
Q
trapezius
A
has multiple functions
- upper fibers extend the neck
- middle and lower fibers rotate the scapulae
14
Q
serratus anterior
A
protracts the scapulae
15
Q
arm muscles
A
- deltoid
- pectoralis major
- coracobrachialis
- biceps brachii
- teres major
- subscapularis
- supraspinatus
- latissimus dorsi
- infraspinatus
16
Q
deltoid
A
abduction
17
Q
pectoralis major
A
arm adduction and medial rotation
18
Q
coracobrachialis
A
shoulder adduction
19
Q
biceps brachii
A
flexes lower arm
20
Q
teres major
A
extension and medial rotation
21
Q
subscapularis
A
medial rotation
22
Q
supraspinatus
A
shoulder abduction
23
Q
latissimus dorsi
A
shoulder adduction and medial rotation
24
Q
infraspinatus
A
lateral arm rotation
25
rotator cuff muscles
1. subscapularis
2. teres minor
3. supraspinatus
4. infraspinatus
26
teres minor
lateral rotation
27
muscles that move the forearm
1. biceps brachii
2. brachialis
3. brachioradialis
4. pronator teres
28
muscles of the hand
1. flexor digitorum superficialis
2. flexor digitorum profundus
3. flexor carpi radialis
4. flexor carpi ulnaris
5. palmaris longus
6. extensor digitorum
7. flexor retinaculum
29
flexor digitorum superficialis
extends to the interphalangeal joints of the hands and flexes them
30
flexor digitorum profundus
extends to the distal phalanges and flexes them
31
flexor carpi radius
flexes and abducts the wrist (on the radius bone)
32
flexor carpi ulnaris
flexes and adducts the wrist (ulnar bone)
33
palmaris longus
flexes the wrist
only tendon that is above the flexor retinaculum
34
extensor digitorum
posterior to the flexor digitorums
this extends the fingers and only one extensor is needed as opposed to the two flexors
35
flexor retinaculum
tendinous wrist band on the anterior side of the arm
36
extensor carpi radialis longus
extension and wrist abduction
longus = long
37
extensor carpi ulnaris
extension and adduction of the wrist
38
extensor carpi radialis brevis
extension and abduction at the wrist
39
flexor pollices longus
flexes the thumb
40
3 nerves of the arm
1. median
2. ulnar
3. radial
41
ulnar nerve injury
injury will result in a claw like hand
42
radial nerve injury
results in a dropped wrist
43
median nerve injury
results in an ape hand (flattened)
44
abductor pollicis longus
abducts the thumb (long)
45
extensor pollicis brevis
extends the thumb and abducts the wrist
46
extensor digiti minimi
extends the pinkie
47
flexor pollicis brevis
flexes the thumb
48
opponens pollicis
allows for opposition movement of the thumb (counting fingers)
49
abductor pollicis brevis
abducts the thumb
50
dorsal interosseus
abducts digits 2-4
the pinkie has its own extensor
51
palmar interosseus
adducts digits 2, 4, and 5
the thumb has its own abductors, adductors, flexors, extensors, and opponens
52
opponens digiti minimi
allows for opposition of the pinkie with the thumb
53
flexor digiti minimi brevis
flexes the pinkie
54
abductor digiti minimi
abducts the pinkie
55
compartments and sectional anatomy
muscle tissues are separated into compartments with deep fascia
inflammation of the deep fascia can result in compartment syndrome which is VERY painful
56
muscles of the thigh
these muscles are the most powerful of the lower limb muscles
these muscles originate from the pelvis
these muscles include 4 groups...
1. gluteal group
2. lateral rotator group
3. adductor group
4. iliopsoas group
57
the gluteal group
all muscles of this group don't go to a bone, they insert at the ITB
1. gluteus maximus
2. gluteus medius
3. gluteus minimus
4. tensor fasciae latae
58
gluteus medius, minimus and tensor fasciae latae
all abduct at the hip
59
gluteus maximus
posterior hip extension
60
the lateral rotator group
1. obturators
2. piriformis
3. gemeli
4. quadratus femoris
61
quadratus femoris
lateral hip rotation
62
piriformis, gemeli, obturators
all laterally rotate the hip and cause abduction of the hip
63
the adductor group
1. adductor brevis, longus, magnus
2. pectineus
3. gracilis
64
adductor brevis, longus and magnus
all three adduct the hip, the longus muscles causes medial rotation
65
pectineus
hip flexion and adduction
66
gracilis
knee flexion and medial rotation
hip adduction and medial rotation
67
ITB
iliotibial tract
helps stabilize the lower leg when standing on one leg, on the lateral side of the leg
68
iliopsoas group
1. iliacus
2. psoas major
69
iliacus and psoas major
both flex the hip (forward motion)
70
sartorius
named after the tailor's position one can assume
it causes hip and knee flexion, and lateral rotation of the hip
71
knee extensors
these muscles help extend the knee (stand straight), they are called the quadriceps femoris
all start with vastus...
1. intermedius
2. lateralis
3. medialis
4. rectus femoris
72
vastus intermedius, lateralis and medialis
all extend the leg, all vastus muscles end at the quadriceps tendon
73
rectus femoris
extends the leg and flexes the hip
74
flexors of the knee
these muscles help flex (bend) the knee (hamstrings)
1. biceps femoris
2. semimembranosus
3. semitendinosus
75
biceps femoris, semimembranosus, semitendinosus
all three muscles flex the leg
the biceps femoris helps with hip extension too
76
biceps femoris heads
the long head is on the lateral side and the short head is on the medial side
77
membranosus vs tendinosus
the semimembranosus has a tendon that looks like a membrane
the semitendinosus has a tendon that looks cylindrical
78
popliteus
flexes the leg, sits within the popliteal fossa of the back of the leg
79
extrinsic vs intrinsic foot muscles
extrinsic foot muscles originate from the distal ends of the tibia, fibula or femur
intrinsic foot muscles start and end on the foot
80
tibialis anterior
foot dorsiflexion
81
gastrocnemius
foot plantar flexion
has two heads (medial and lateral head)
both heads are of equal size just different placement
82
fibularis brevis and longus
foot eversion
83
plantaris
plantar flexion
84
soleus
plantar flexion
85
tibialis prosterior
foot inversion
86
calcaneal tendon
achilles tendon (largest tendon in the body) this tendon is shared by the gastrocnemius and the soleus
87
flexor digitorum longus
flexion of toes 2-5
88
flexor hallucis longus
flexes the big toe
89
extensor digitorum longus
extends toes 2-5
90
extensor hallucis longus
extends the big toe
91
abductor hallucis
abducts the hallux
92
flexor digitorum brevis
flexes toes 2-5
93
abductor digiti minimi
abducts the pinkie toe
94
lumbricals
helps with toe 2-5 extension
95
flexor hallucis brevis
flexes the hallucis
96
flexor digiti minimi brevis
flexes the little toe
97
plantar interossei
adducts toes 3-5
98
quadratus plantae
flexes toes 2-5
99
extensor digitorum brevis
extends the toes 1-4
100
dorsal interossei
abducts toes 3 and 4
extends toes 2-4
101
