appendicular skeleton (theory) Flashcards

1
Q

components of the appendicular skeleton

A
  1. arms
  2. legs
  3. pelvic girdle
  4. pectoral girdle
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

carpal vs tarsal

A

carpal = hand bones
tarsal = foot bones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

clavicle function

A

connects the scapula to the manubrium of the sternum

the clavicle allows for biaxial movement (protraction / extension) and (elevation / depression)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

clavicle scapular connection

A

acromion process of the scapula connects the acromion end of the clavicle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

clavicle manubrium connection

A

connects to the manubrium using the sternoclavicular joint

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

protraction / retraction

A

protraction = rotating anterior movement

retraction = rotating posteriorly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

depression / elevation

A

depression = inferior movement (down)

elevation = superior movement (up)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

glenoid cavity of the scapula

A

this is where the head of the humerus rests

the glenoid cavity is much shallower than the cavity of the hip joint making it easier to dislocate

the humeral head also doesn’t have a fovea for a ligament to stabilize it unlike the femur

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

deltoid tuberosity

A

large, flat protrusion of the humerus, the deltoid attaches at this point

the deltoid is one of the muscles that helps the arm contract

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

surgical neck of the humerus

A

there are two necks…
1. anatomical
2. surgical

the surgical neck is below the head and anatomic neck of the humerus, it is the most likely area to suffer fractures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

coronoid fossa of the humerus

A

this is on the anterior side of the humerus

the coronoid fossa sits above the capitulum and the trochlea

the coronoid fossa receives the coronoid process of the ulna

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

medial epicondyle

A

condyle on the side of the humerus closest to the midline

this is the “funny bone” bc the ulnar nerve runs through here

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

trochlea

A

a “spool” like articular joint that receives the trochlear notch of the ulna

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

olecranon fossa

A

this is on the posterior side of the humerus

this receives the olecranon (process) of the ulna when the arm is extended

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

radial notch of the ulna

A

a depression in the ulna that receives the radial head of the radius

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

ulnar notch of the radius

A

a depression in the radius that receives part of the head of the ulna

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

olecranon

A

process of the radial bone that fits into the olecranon fossa of the posterior side of the humerus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

proximal radioulnar joint

A

a joint made at the proximal ends of the radius and ulna

this is a monoaxial joint that allows for pronation / supination

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

distal radioulnar joint

A

a joint made at the distal ends of the radius and ulna

this is an amphiarthrotic-syndesmosis joint because it limits the movement of the two bones at the distal end

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

radial styloid process

A

protrusion on the distal end of the radius that extends past the ulnar styloid process

it limits abduction but not adduction in the wrist joint

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

carpal bones

A

make up the wrist
1. scaphoid
2. lunate
3. triquetrum
4. pisiform
5. trapezium
6. trapezoid
7. capitate
8. hamate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

metacarpal bones

A

make up the back of the hand

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

phalanges and pollux

A

makes up the thumb (pollux) and the fingers

the pollux has only two phalanges (distal and proximal)

the fingers have three phalanges (proximal, middle, and distal)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

carpal bones acronym

A

Sally Left The Party To Take Cathy Home

24
pelvic girdle function
support and protection of the lower viscera it also supports and serves as the birth passage of the developing fetus in pregnant females the pelvic bones also contain the obturator foramen which is the largest foramen in the body
25
pelvic girdle bones
the pelvic girdle is made up of three fused bones... 1. ilium 2. pubis 3. ischium
26
iliac fossa (males vs females)
the iliac fossa is much deeper in males than in females the iliac fossa is shallower in females to help form the appropriately sized birth canal
27
greater pelvis
this spans the distance between the left and right iliac crests
28
lesser pelvis
the area inferior to the iliopectineal line
29
subpubic angle of the pubic symphysis
the angle of the pubic symphysis is much more acute in males than in females
30
pelvic outlet
this is the space between the ischial spines
31
pelvic inlet
between the brims of each coxal bone
32
pelvic outlet size
the space between the ischial spines is narrower in males than in females the ischial spines face more downward laterally in female skeletons opening the pelvic outlet
33
childbearing anatomical differences between males and females
1. pelvic outlet 2. sacrum curve 3. pelvic inlet 4. pubic angle
34
sacrum curve
there is less curvature of the sacrum in females than in males
35
pelvic inlet
much wider in females than males
36
pelvic weight
the male pelvis weighs more than the female pelvis this is bc larger muscles attach to the male pelvis
37
pelvic surface
male pelvises have a rougher surface to attach larger muscles
38
pelvic inlet shape (M v F)
M = heart shaped F = circular, wider
39
iliac fossa (M v F)
M = deeper F = shallower
40
acetabulum (M v F)
M = lateral direction F = shallow and narrow
41
sacrum curvature + articulation (M v F)
M = long, narrow, 3 vertebrae F = 2-2.5 vertebrae
42
femoral neck
only has one anatomical neck unlike the humerus
43
fovea for ligament of head
a hole in the head of the femur a ligament passes through this fovea to stabilize the hip joint
44
femoral head
attaches to the acetabulum (socket of the pelvis)
45
patella surface
where the patella knee joint rests
46
patella attachments
the quads tendons and ligaments attach to the patellar
47
condyle vs epicondyle
just need to differentiate between lateral and medial condyles and lateral and medial epicondyles of the femur epicondyles are above the condyles
48
patella
the patella is a sesamoid bone this protects the knee joint and has a rough surface for tendon attachment the femoral condyles are received by the concave facets of this bone
49
lateral malleolus of the fibula
this is the knuckle farthest from the midline this extends past the medial malleolus which prevents eversion of the foot (outside angular movement)
50
tibia vs fibula
the tibia is the large weight bearing bone the fibula is lateral to the tibia that participates in walking the fibula is also more susceptible to transverse trauma
51
tarsal bones
7 bones that make up the ankle 1. calcaneus 2. talus 3. navicular 4. cuboid 5. medial cuneiform 6. intermediate cuneiform 7. lateral cuneiform
52
metatarsal bones
form the arch of the foot
53
phalanges
make up the digits of the foot the hallux (thumb) only has two phalanges
54
hands vs feet
the hands and feet had the same number of bones as each other (14)
55
tarsal bones acronym
56
individual skeletal system variation
1. racial differences 2. medical history 3. body size 4. muscle mass 5. age 6. sex
57
the skull and pelvis can differentiate?
1. racial differences 2. sex
58
ossification can differentiate?
age