reproductive system (male) Flashcards by sid suing

what are the principle structures of the male reproductive system?

-penis
-scrotum
-testes
-epididymus
-vas deferens
-ejaculatory duct
-spongy urethra
-seminal gland
-prostate gland
-bulbo-urethral gland

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structures that contribute to the formation of semen

-epididymus (5%)
-seminal gland (60%)
-prostate gland (30%)
-bulbo-urethral gland (5%)

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are there muscles in the penis?

no, there is erectile tissue that swells with blood to cause an erection

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what is another name for the foreskin?

prepuce

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what are the two tissues that are part of penis

-corpus cavernosum
-corpus spongiosum

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what is the tip of the penis called?

glans penis

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bulbo-urethral gland function

-produce an alkaline secretion in the lumen of the urethra
-alkaline secretion keeps the optimum pH for the sperm cells

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optimum sperm cell pH

7.4-7.6

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prostate gland function

-produces seminalplasmin
-and semen

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seminal gland function

-opens into the ejactulatory duct with the vas deferens

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testes descent

the testes descend from the abdominal cavity during development

they drop into the inguinal canals into the scrotum which is colder than the body temp

the cooler temperature helps sperm development

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what are contents of the spermatic cords

-genitofemoral nerve
-deferential artery
-vas deferens
-pampiniform plexus
-testicular artery
-testicular vein
-ilionguinal nerve

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what branch is the testicular artery part of?

it is a branch of the aorta

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which is bigger? the deferential artery or the testicular artery?

the testicular artery

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what are the two layers of the scrotum?

-tunica vaginalis
-tunica albuginea

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what is the perineal raphe

thick tissue that runs along the scrotum longitudinally and the ventral side of the penis

the perineal raphe separates the two chambers of the scrotum

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what is the function of the dartos muscle of the scrotum

this muscle contracts the scrotal skin in cold weather

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the cremaster muscle and cremaster reflex

-the cremaster pulls the testes up in cold weather
-the cremaster reflex can test for testicular torsion and spinal injury

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tunica vaginalis function

serous membrane that just covers the testes

what are the 3 arteries that supply the scrotum

-internal pudendal arteries (internal iliac)
-external pudendal arteries (femoral artery)
-inferior epigastric arteries (external iliac artery)

what are the 4 nerves/plexuses that innervate the scrotum?

-hypogastric plexus
-ilioinguinal nerves
-genitofemoral nerves
-pudendal nerves

tunica albuginea function

a tough fibrous lining that runs into the deep testes and forms the septa

the septa separate the seminiferous tubules of the testes into lobules

pathway of developing sperm cells towards the vas deferens

seminiferous tubules –> straight tubule –> rete testis –> efferent ductule –> epididymus –> vas deferens

what is the hormone produced by the leydig cells of the testes?

to produce testosterone

what is the function of testosterone

-stimulate spermatogenesis -promote sperm maturation -maintain accessory organs -develop secondary sex characteristics -stimulates growth and development -stimulates sexual behavior and sexual drive

what are the stem cells that become the sperm cells?

spermatogonia

spermatogonia to sperm cell process

spermatogonia --> primary spermatocyte --> meiosis --> secondary spermatocyte --> 4x haploid spermatids --> mature haploid sperm cell (spermatozoon)

what is spermatogenesis?

meiosis associated with formation of a sperm cell

what is spermiogenesis?

the specific maturation from spermatid to spermatozoon (sperm cell)

what is the function of the nurse cells?

-controls the rate of sperm cell formation (walk the spermatogonia through maturation to sperm cells) -secrete androgen binding protein

ABP function

androgen binding protein binds testosterone in seminiferous tubules to maintain its effect on spermiogenesis

the anatomy of the spermatozoon

-head = contains chromosomes -middle = contains mitochondria -tail = flagellum

function of the epididymis head on sperm cell function

the epididymis head helps capacitate the sperm so they're fully active

function of the epididymus

-head = receives spermatozoa from the efferent ducts -body -tail = leads into the vas deferens the epididymis monitors the composition of the fluid in the seminiferous tubules and recycles damaged spermatozoa

what does the vas deferens transition into?

the vas deferens run up through the inguinal canal and into the prostate gland the vas deferens becomes transitions into the ejaculatory duct which runs with the seminal vesicles

the 3 sections of the urethra

-prostatic urethra -membranous urethra -spongy urethra

what are accessory glands on the male reproductive system

-seminal glands -prostate glands -bulbo-urethral gland

seminal gland characteristics and function

-produces 60% of the seminal fluid volume

what is the content of the seminal fluid?

-high concentration of fructose (sperm energy) -prostaglandins (inflammation) -clotting factors (sticking to the vaginal wall)

prostate gland characteristics and function

-empty into the prostatic urethra -produces 20-30% of semen volume -produces seminalplasmin

bulbo-urethral gland characteristics and function

-produces 5% of the semen volume -secretes alkaline mucus to line the inside of the urethra before ejaculation

what are the three regions of the penis

-root (attached to bone) -body (erectile tissue) -glans (tip)

what are the two erectile tissue types in the penis

-corpora cavernosa (2x) -corpus spongiosum the corpus spongiosum surrounds the spongy urethra

penis erection

-activated by the parasympathetic NS -ejaculation by the sympathetic NS -arterial vessels dilate -engorge vessels and channels of the penis with blood