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joints Flashcards

1
Q

joint classification

A
  1. function –> range of motion
  2. structure –> what is the joint made up of
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2
Q

range of motion classification

A
  1. synarthrosis
  2. amphiarthrosis
  3. diarthrosis
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3
Q

synarthrosis

A

an immovable joint

ex… sutures of the cranial bones

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4
Q

amphiarthrosis

A

a slightly moveable joint

ex… the vertebrae

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5
Q

diarthrosis

A

a freely moveable joint

ex… shoulder joint, hip joints

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6
Q

synarthrosis subcategories

A
  1. sutures
  2. gomphosis
  3. synchondrosis
  4. synostosis
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7
Q

sutures

A

joints made by interlocking bones

ex… sutures of the cranium

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8
Q

gomphosis

A

periodontal ligaments of the teeth and jaw bones

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9
Q

synchondrosis

A

joint within the epiphysis of the long bones

ex… epiphyseal plate

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10
Q

synostosis

A

joint between two fused bones

ex… the fusion of the three coxal bones of the pelvic girdle
-ilium
-pubis
-ischium

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11
Q

amphiarthrosis subcategories

A
  1. syndesmosis
  2. symphysis
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12
Q

syndesmosis

A

ligaments connecting two bones BUT also limit their motion

ex… the distal joint of the radius and ulna

ex… the joint between the tibia and fibula

ex… intervertebral discs

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13
Q

symphysis

A

bones separated by a wedge/pad of cartilage

ex… between the pubic bones

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14
Q

distal radius and ulna restriction

A

unlike the proximal joint of the radius and ulna the distal joint can’t protonate/supinate

the proximal joint is diarthrosis

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15
Q

diarthrosis subcategories

A
  1. synovial joints
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16
Q

synovial joints

A

found at the ends of a long bone

ex… shoulder joint
ex… hip joint
ex…knee joint
ex… elbow joint

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17
Q

monoaxial, biaxial, triaxial

A

mono –> 1x axis
bi –> 2x axis
tri –> 3x axis

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18
Q

joint cheat sheet

A
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19
Q

synovial joints breakdown

A

six characteristics…
1. joint capsule
2. articular cartilages
3. joint cavity w/ synovial fluid
4. synovial membrane
5. accessory structures (bursae ligaments, tendons)
6. sensory nerves and blood vessels

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20
Q

synoviocytes

A

cells of the synovial joint. present in the synovial fluid

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21
Q

bursae

A

the bursae is a sac like part of the synovial joint that lubricates the joint

it acts as a cushion and gliding surface to reduce friction between tissues

the bursae be inflamed resulting in bursitis

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22
Q

the histological structure of joints

A
  1. bony fusion
  2. fibrous joint
  3. cartilaginous joint
  4. synovial joint
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23
Q

bony fusion

A

frontal bone fusion

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24
Q

fibrous joint

A

the sutures of the skull

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25
cartilaginous joint
ex... pubic symphysis
26
synovial joint
ball and socket / hinge joints ex... knee and elbow joints ex... joints of the fingers
27
interpharangeal joint
synovial joint between the phalanges of the fingers
28
metacarpopharangeal joint
synovial joint between the metacarpal bone and proximal phalanges of the fingers
29
synovial fluid functions
1. joint lubrication 2. shock absorption
30
synovial joint accessory structures
1. menisci (lateral + medial) 2. ligaments (fibular collateral ligament) 3. tendons (quadriceps tendon) 4. bursae
31
strength vs mobility tradeoff
the stronger the joint, the less mobility it has this is to reduce the changes of injury at the cost of range of motion ex... the acrominoclaviular is very mobile, but easy to break
32
types of movement
1. linear 2. angular 3. circumduction 4. rotation 5. special movements
33
linear movements
bones gliding past each other ex... carpals to carpals ex... tarsals to tarsals ex... clavicle to sternum
34
angular movements
movements along an axis 1. abduction / adduction 2. flexion / extension
35
gliding joints
36
abduction / adduction
lateral movement outwards ex... the abductional movement of the wrist is limited by the styloid process of the radius
37
flexion / extension
ex... hips forwards and backwards
38
rotational movement
protonation / supination ex... the protonation / supination of the proximal radioulnar joint
39
circumduction movement
moving the joint in a circular manner ex... the hip
40
special movements
1. inversion / eversion --> foot 2. dorsiflexion / plantar flexion --> foot (up and down) 3. lateral flexion --> neck side to side 4. protraction / retraction --> TMJ 5. opposition --> thumb 6. depression / elevation --> TMJ
41
further synovial joint classification
1. gliding joints, monoaxial 2. pivot joint, monoaxial 3. hinge joint, monoaxial 4. saddle joint, biaxial 5. ellipsoid joint, biaxial 6. ball and socket joint, triaxial
42
gliding joint example
sternoclavicular, acromioclavicular, intercarpal
43
pivot joint examples
atlantoaxial, proximal radioulnar
44
saddle joint example
first carpometacarpal -flexion / extension -abduction / adduction
45
hinge joint examples
elbow and knee joints
46
ellipsoid joint examples
metacarpopharangeal joints
47
ball and socket examples
shoulder and hip joints
48
TMJ
temporomandibular joint, made up of the condylar process of the mandible and the mandibular fossa of the temporal bone 1. stylomandibular ligament 2. lateral ligament 3. sphenomandibular joint
49
stylomandibular joint
connects the styloid process to the mandible
50
lateral ligament
connects the zygomatic process to the mandibular condylar process
51
sphenomandibular ligament
connects the sphenoid bone to the mandible
52
the 5 intervertebral ligaments
1. anterior longitudinal 2. interspinous 3. supraspinous 4. posterior longitudinal 5. ligamentum flavum
53
anterior longitudinal ligament
stabilizes vertebral bodies from the front
54
interspinous
holds the spinous processes
55
supraspinous
above the interspinous ligaments
56
posterior longitudinal ligaments
stabilizes the vertebrae from the back
57
ligamentum flavum
elastic ligaments that connect the laminae of the vertebrae
58
vertebral movements
1. anterior flexion --> forwards 2. extension --> backwards 3. lateral flexion --> side to side 4. rotation --> twisting
59
sternoclavicular joint
made up of 3 bones... 1. scapula 2. clavicle 3. humerus sternoclavicular ligament interclavicular ligament costoclavicular ligament
60
shoulder joint
ball and socket joint 1. glenohumeral ligament 2. coracohumeral ligament 3. coracoclavicular ligament 4. coracoacromial ligament 5. acromioclavicular ligament 6. subdeltoid bursa 7. subacromial and subcoracoid bursae
61
elbow joint
a hinge joint 1. radial collateral ligament 2. ulnar collateral ligament 3. annular ligament
62
wrist joints
1. palmar radiocarpal ligament 2. dorsal radiocarpal ligament 3. ulnar collateral ligament 4. radial collateral ligament 1. carpometacarpal joint 2. intercarpal joint 3. metacarpophalangeal joint 4. interphalangeal joint
63
hip joint
1. iliofemoral ligament 2. pubofemoral ligament 3. ischiofemoral ligament
64
knee joint
1. tibial collateral ligament 2. fibular collateral ligament 3. patellar collateral ligament 4. patellar retinaculum 5. popliteal ligaments 6. anterior cruciate ligament 7. posterior cruciate ligament
65
ankle and foot ligaments
1. deltoid ligament 2. calcaneofibular 3. anterior talofibular 4. posterior talofibular 1. intertarsal joint 2. tarsometatarsal joint 3. metatarsophalangeal joint
66
calcaneal tendon
largest tendon of the body
67
rheumatism (rhematioid arthritis)
autoimmune disease that attacks the joints
68
arthritis
normal wear and tear of the joints

BILD X13 (26 decks)

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