Appendicular Skeleton

Question 1

appendicular skeleton components

Answer 1

1. arms
2. legs
3. pelvic girdle (hip bones)
4. pectoral girdle (shoulder bones)

Question 2

pectoral girdle components

Answer 2

1. scapula
2. clavicle

Question 3

arm components

Answer 3

1. humerus (upper arm bone)
2. radius (lateral lower arm bone)
3. ulna (medial lower arm bone)
4. carpals
5. metacarpals
6. pollux and phalanges (digit bones)

Question 4

the clavicle

Answer 4

• function = connects scapula to the manubrium
• S shaped
• connects at the acromion process of the scapula
• the clavicle allows for biaxial movement (protraction/retraction and elevation/depression)

Question 5

structures of the clavicle

Answer 5

1. acromial end
2. sternal end
3. conoid tubercle (inferior view)
4. costal tuberosity (inferior view)

Question 6

tubercle

Answer 6

small round projection of the bone

Question 7

tuberosity

Answer 7

a large, raised, rough, rounded bony projection

Question 8

scapular structures (posterior)

Answer 8

1. spine
2. supraspinous fossa
3. infraspinous fossa
4. acromion
5. lateral border
6. medial border

Question 9

scapular structures (anterior)

Answer 9

1. coracoid process
2. subscapular fossa

Question 10

extra scapular structures

Answer 10

1. glenoid cavity
2. superior angle
3. inferior angle

Question 11

glenoid cavity

Answer 11

this cavity is shallower than the hip joint and therefore is easier to dislocate

Question 12

humerus structures (proximal)

Answer 12

1. head
2. greater tubercle
3. lesser tubercle
4. anatomical neck
5. intertubercular sulcus
6. deltoid tuberosity

Question 13

humerus head

Answer 13

Question 14

greater tubercle

Answer 14

Question 15

lesser tubercle

Answer 15

Question 16

anatomical neck

Answer 16

Question 17

intertubercular sulcus

Answer 17

Question 18

deltoid tuberosity

Answer 18

Question 19

sulcus

Answer 19

a furrow/groove

Question 20

humerus structures (distal)

Answer 20

1. capitulum
2. trochlea
3. lateral epicondyle
4. medial epicondyle
5. coronoid fossa
6. olecranon fossa

Question 21

capitulum

Answer 21

Question 22

trochlea

Answer 22

Question 23

lateral epicondyle

Answer 23

Question 24

medial epicondyle

Answer 24

Question 25

coronoid fossa

Answer 25

Question 26

olecranon fossa

Answer 26

the olecranon process of the ulna fits in this depression of the humerus when the arm is extended

Question 27

radius structures

Answer 27

1. head
2. radial tuberosity
3. neck
4. radial styloid process
5. ulnar notch

Question 28

ulna structures

Answer 28

1. olecranon
2. trochlear notch
3. radial notch
4. coronoid process
5. ulnar tuberosity
6. ulnar styloid process
7. head

Question 29

bones of the wrist and hand

Answer 29

1. carpal bones
2. metacarpal bones
3. phalanges

Question 30

carpal bones

Answer 30

1. scaphoid
2. lunate
3. triquetrum
4. pisiform
5. trapezium
6. trapezoid
7. capitate
8. hamate

Question 31

phalanges

Answer 31

*thumb
1. proximal
2. distal

*other digits
1. proximal
2. middle
3. distal

Question 32

hip bones

Answer 32

1. ilium
2. pubis
3. ischium

Question 33

ilium

Answer 33

Question 34

pubis

Answer 34

Question 35

ischium

Answer 35

Question 36

lower limb bones

Answer 36

1. femur
2. patella
3. tibia
4. fibula
5. tarsals
6. metatarsals
7. hallux
8. other digits

Question 37

iliac fossa

Answer 37

this is depression is deeper in males than in females

Question 38

obturator foramen

Answer 38

largest foramen in the body, made up of the ischium and pubis

Question 39

pubic symphysis

Answer 39

the subpubic angle is more acute in male skeletons

Question 40

pelvic outlet

Answer 40

the space between the brim of each coxal bone, the diameter is smaller in males than in females

Question 41

pelvic inlet

Answer 41

the diameter between the farthest points on the pelvic brim

Question 42

iliac curve

Answer 42

the iliac curve is shallower in females than in males

Question 43

femur structure

Answer 43

1. head
2. fovea
3. neck
4. greater trochanter
5. lesser trochanter
6. intertrochanteric line
7. intertrochanteric crest
8. medial condyle
9. lateral condyle
10. medial epicondyle
11. lateral epicondyle
12. intercondylar fossa
13. popliteal surface
14. patellar surface

Question 44

fovea for ligament of head

Answer 44

a hole in the articular surface of the head of the femur, a ligament passes through this hole to attach to the acetabulum of the pubis, this increases the stability of the hip joint

Question 45

the patella

Answer 45

• a sesamoid bone that protects the knee joint.
• quadriceps tendons and patellar ligaments attach here
• the posterior surface has concave facets for the femoral condyles

Question 46

fibula

Answer 46

theory

• lateral malleolus of the fibula prevents eversion and is lower than the medial malleolus of the tibia
• the fibula is the bone that participates in the ankle joint, you can’t walk if your fibula suffers transverse trauma

Question 47

tibia

Answer 47

theory

• the tibia is weight bearing, so if you break your fibula, you can still stand

Question 48

ankle and foot bones

Answer 48

1. tarsal bones
2. metatarsal bones
3. phalanges

Question 49

tarsal bones

Answer 49

1. calcaneus
2. talus
3. navicular
4. cuboid
5. medial cuneiform
6. intermediate cuneiform
7. lateral cuneiform

Question 50

calcaneus and talus theory

Answer 50

the calcaneus is the largest bone in the foot, and the talus is the second largest

Question 51

metatarsal and hallux numbering

Answer 51

number the phalanges 1-5 starting with the hallux (big toe)

Question 52

identification using the skeleton

Answer 52

with the skeleton we can determine the following information…

1. racial differences –> look at skull and pelvic bones
2. medical history
3. body size
4. muscle mass
5. age –> look at ossification
6. sex –> look at skull and pelvic bones